不同发育阶段高原牦牛肺泡超微结构的研究  

Ultrastructure of pulmonary alveoli in the yaks at the different development stages

作　　者：魏青[1] 俞红贤[2] 张勤文[2] 李莉[2] 荆海霞[2] 牛海林[2] 薛乾[2] 梁林[2] 

机构地区：[1]青海大学生物科学系,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学农牧学院动物医学系,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2012年第3期22-26,共5页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：教育部高等学校优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划资助项目(教人司[2003]355号)

摘　　要：利用透射电镜和计算机图像分析系统对1日龄、30日龄、180日龄和成年4个年龄组的高原牦牛肺泡超微结构进行观测,并与同日龄平原黄牛进行比较。结果表明:不同发育阶段高原牦牛和平原黄牛肺泡壁均由扁平的肺泡I型上皮细胞和立方的肺泡II型上皮细胞组成,气-血屏障均由肺泡I型上皮、基膜和肺泡隔毛细血管内皮3层结构组成,但高原牦牛肺泡I型上皮处可见一些凹陷和空泡状结构。此外,1日龄高原牦牛肺泡II型细胞明显多于同日龄黄牛;除1日龄外,其余年龄段高原牦牛的气-血屏障算术平均厚度和调和平均厚度均显著小于同日龄平原黄牛(P<0.05)。高原牦牛气-血屏障的算术平均厚度和调和平均厚度随年龄增加不断减小,这不同于平原黄牛随年龄增加不断增大的特点。结论:高原牦牛出生后肺泡迅速发育,在超微结构方面表现出较多适应高原低氧环境的组织学结构特点。The aim of this study is to observe and measure ultrastructure of pulmonary alveoli of 1-day old,30-day old,180-day old and adult plateau yaks by transmission electron microscope and computer image analysis system,and to compare with the same date age plain cattle.The result indicated that alveolar wall was composed of the flat type I alveolar cell epithelial and the cubic type II alveolar cell epithelial in both the plateau yaks at the different developmental stage and the plain cattle,blood-air barrier was both composed of type I alveolar cell epithelium,interstitial layer and capillary endothelial,but there were concave and bubble structure in type I alveolar cell epithelium of yak.In addition,the number of type II alveolar cell in the 1-day old yak was obviously more than that in the cattle at the same developmental stage,while the arithmetic mean thickness and harmonic mean thickness of blood-air barrier in the plateau yak were obviously smaller than those in the cattle except 1-day old(P<0.05).The characteristic that the arithmetic mean thickness and harmonic mean thickness in the blood-air barrier of plateau yaks gradually became thinner with the increase of age was different from that in the plain cattle.It suggested that some characteristics in the ultrastructures of alveolus are helpful for yaks to adapt the plateau hypoxia environment.

关 键 词：高原牦牛 平原黄牛 肺泡 超微结构 气-血屏障 

分 类 号：S852.16[农业科学—基础兽医学]