湖北郧西白龙洞洞穴发育与古人类生存环境探讨  

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE CAVE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND OF HOMININ OCCUPATION AT BAILONG CAVE,YUNXI COUNTY,HUBEI PROVINCE

作　　者：李潇丽 武仙竹[2] 裴树文[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京自然博物馆,北京100050 [2]重庆师范大学考古学及博物馆学实验教学中心,重庆400047 [3]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所人类演化实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2012年第2期199-208,共10页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(批准号:XDA05130101);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(批准号:2010CB950203);科技部国际合作重点项目(批准号:2009DFB20580)资助

摘　　要：湖北省郧西县白龙洞是20世纪70年代发现的一处重要的中更新世古人类遗址,先后经过4次正式发掘,除出土7枚直立人牙齿化石和60余件石制品外,还有2件骨制品和29种伴生哺乳动物化石。本文对白龙洞洞穴发育进行分析,对堆积物的粒度、磁化率、粘土矿物、氧化物和哺乳动物群等进行分析和测试。结果表明,白龙洞发育起始于上新统沙坪组碳酸盐岩和下伏中元古界武当山群变质岩系不整合接触面,洞穴围岩为沙坪组砾岩、藻灰岩和生物格架灰岩;洞穴发育初期由沿不整合面渗流的裂隙水引起,之后垂直渗流为溶蚀的主要方式。洞穴堆积物主要为红色粘土,形成于北亚热带-暖温带温暖湿润环境,堆积物充填早期气候相对较为干凉,后期逐渐转为相对温暖湿润的森林草原环境,动植物资源繁盛,有利于古人类生存和活动。白龙洞古人类生存环境的研究对揭示鄂西-三峡地区中更新世古人类生存环境背景具有重要意义。Bailong cave site,which was discovered in 1976,is an important Middle Pleistocene paleoanthrological site in China. It is located in Shenwuling village, Anjia town, Yunxi County, Hubei Province （ latitude 32°59′40.0″N, longitude 11°98131′33.6″E,550m above sea level）. Since its discovery, the site was excavated for four times in the past 30 years. A large number of cultural remains including 7 Homo erectus teeth, more than 60 stone artifacts,2 bone artifacts and 29 mammalian fossil species were excavated from the site. Paleomagnetic dating and faunal analysis show that the cave deposits were formed in the Middle Pleistocene. The Bailong cave is located in the northwest margin of Wudang Geological Uplift, Qinling Orogenic Belt. The cave began its development in the margin between the metamorphic rock of Wudangshan Group of Middle Proterozoic and conglomerate,algal limestone of Shaping Formation of the Pliocene. Conglomerate, algal limestone, and biological frame limestone of Shaping Formation were the surrounding rock of the cave. The Bailong cave was formed first by the fracture water dissolution along the unconformity fissure in the early stage, and then transferred to vertical vadose,which became the dominant resorption pattern of the karst development. Eight stratigraphic layers were identified at the site during the 2007 text excavation, and had a total thickness of more than 240cm. Archaeological materials were mainly unearthed from the 2d layer, a layer of red clay with a thickness of 50 60cm. In order to interpret the possible environmental background, especially the impact on human activities at Bailong cave, a systematic analysis of the particle size, magnetic susceptibility, clay minerals, oxides, as well as mammalian fauna from sediments were carried out by the authors in this paper. It can be inferred from the systematic analysis that the climate and environment were optimal as a warm and humid one to some degree, indicating the climate background in the transitional zone between north s

关 键 词：白龙洞 中更新世 古人类 洞穴发育 生存环境 

分 类 号：P534.63[天文地球—第四纪地质学] Q981[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]