毛乌素沙地生物结皮对土壤温度的影响  

Effect of Biological Soil Crust on Soil Temperature in the Mu Us Sand Land

作　　者：杨永胜[1] 卜崇峰[1,2] 高国雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2012年第2期352-359,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071192);中国科学院西部之光(B28013200);西北农林科技大学科研专项(QN2009085)

摘　　要：土壤温度对作物生长发育、土壤水盐运移、生物的数量与活性、土壤碳平衡等均有较大的影响。为了研究毛乌素沙地生物结皮区和裸沙区土壤温度的差异,于2010年9～11月在陕北毛乌素沙地东南缘神木县圪丑沟地区,选择晴朗天气进行定位观测试验。结果表明:①同一剖面深度,生物结皮样地土壤温度的日变化趋势同裸沙样地一致;且从6:00～21:00时每隔3 h,土壤垂直剖面的温度沿着"\"型、微"("型、明显"("型、"/"型、微")"型、"\"型进行周期性变化。②生物结皮的覆盖极显著降低了地表的土壤温度(P<0.01)。③生物结皮样地和裸沙样地表层土壤温度变幅最大,随剖面深度的增加土壤温度变化趋缓。当气温和土壤含水量较低时,生物结皮对同一深度土壤温度变化幅度的影响更明显。从垂直剖面角度看,生物结皮降低了土壤温度及其变幅。④生物结皮提高了0～25 cm深度土壤温度对气温的敏感程度。表明土壤温度的变化是多因素作用的结果,前人仅根据生物结皮的颜色来判断其对土壤温度的影响是不够的。生物结皮对土壤温度造成影响的主要原因,可能是其改变了土壤表层结构及土壤水分状况。在今后相关研究中如水分蒸发、土壤化学性状的改变等,要特别注意生物结皮的温度效应对这些过程的影响,从而使分析更加客观深入。Soil temperature affects strongly the crop growth,soil water-salt transport,biological activity and quantity,and soil carbon balance.In order to study the differences of biological crust and bare sand soil temperature in Mu Us Sand Land,some sunny days were selected to conduct the experiments in Gechou Ditch in the Mu Us Sand Land located in Shenmu County,north Shaanxi Province during the period from September to November 2010.The results are as follows：（1） The change trend of soil temperature at the same depth was the same in both the plots of biological soil crust and bare sand;From 6：00 to 21：00（every 3 hours）,the soil temperature curves were ＂／＂,micro＂（＂,obvious ＂（＂,＂/＂,micro ＂）＂ and ＂／＂;（2） Biological crust cover decreased significantly the topsoil temperature（P0.01）;（3） The change range of topsoil temperature in both the biological crust and bare sand plots was the highest,and it was decreased with the increase of soil depth.The effect of biological crust on soil temperature at the same depth was more significant.From the perspective of vertical profile,biological crust decreased the soil temperature and its change range;（4） Biological crust enhanced the sensitivity of soil temperature at depth of 0-25 cm to air temperature.The study results showed that the change of soil temperature was affected by many factors,and the previous achievement that the effect of biological crust on soil temperature was judged with the biological crust color was not reliable.The effect of biological crust on soil temperature is probably caused by that biological crust changes the topsoil structure and moisture conditions.Soil moisture evaporation,soil chemical properties,etc.,especially the temperature effect of biological crust on these processes,should be paid more attention to in the future.

关 键 词：生物结皮 土壤温度 土壤水分 日振幅 毛乌素沙地 陕北 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]