波动性高温模式对夏季棉蚜繁盛期种群崩溃的影响  

Impacts of Different Temperature Conditions on Population Crash of Aphis gossypiiin Midsummer

作　　者：马吉宏[1,2,3] 吕昭智[1,2] 高桂珍[1,2,3] 夏德萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2012年第2期369-374,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项项目(2011DFA33170);院地合作项目(XBXJ2011029);科技部重大国家合作项目(2007DFA31280)

摘　　要：通过室内变温条件对棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)存活影响研究和田间种群数量及关键气象要素调查,探讨波动性高温与棉蚜繁盛期种群崩溃的关系。结果表明:高温(30℃,34℃,38℃和42℃)、每日高温持续时数(2 h和6 h),高温持续天数(1～5 d)及其交互作用,对棉蚜死亡率影响均达到极显著水平;高温强度大于30℃时,相同处理时间条件下棉蚜死亡率随高温强度增大而上升;相同高温条件下,高温持续时间越长,死亡率越高;每天高温持续时间为2 h时,低于38℃高温对棉蚜存活无显著影响;当年田间棉蚜种群崩溃日期与田间高温出现时间吻合(7月31日至8月4日),田间高温期间昼夜波动性高温模式与室内实验,导致棉蚜死亡率上升的变温胁迫处理模式一致,为24℃18 h/34℃6 h持续4 d和24℃18 h/38℃6 h持续3 d。以上结果初步明确了波动性高温在棉蚜种群崩溃过程中起到了重要作用,这在一定程度上解释了蚜虫种群崩溃多发生于高温时节的现象,但其内在作用机理有待于进一步研究。In order to research the relationship between fluctuant high temperature and population crash of Aphis gossypii in midsummer,the mortalities of Aphis gossypii under different fluctuant thermal regimes were investigated in laboratory,and Aphis gossypii population abundance in field,affected by climatic factors,were analyzed.The results showed that the impacts of high temperature（30 ℃,34 ℃,38 ℃ and 42 ℃）,exposure hours（2 and 6 h/d）,exposure days（1-5 days） and interactions among these parameters on the mortality were extremely significant.The mortality of Aphis gossypii was increased with the increase of high temperature（30 ℃） under the same treatments of exposure hours and days and the same high temperature treatment.The longer the high temperature continued,the higher of mortality of Aphis gossypii was.The mortality of Aphis gossypii was not significantly affected by fluctuant high temperature when temperature was lower than 38 ℃（2 h/d）.The date of population crash of Aphis gossypii in field coincided with the occurrence of high temperature（from July 31 to August 4）.The diurnal-nocturnal fluctuation of high temperature in field was consistent with the high-temperature thermal regimes which resulted in an increase of mortality of Aphis gossypii（24 ℃ 18 h/34 ℃ 6 h lasted for 4 days and 24 ℃ 18 h/38 ℃ 6 h lasted for 3 days）.The results suggested that fluctuant high temperature played an important role in population crash of Aphis gossypii in midsummer.The results can be used to explain that the population crash of Aphis gossypii occurs usually in midsummer,but the mechanism should be further researched.

关 键 词：棉田 棉蚜(Aphis gossypii) 种群 高温 死亡率 种群崩溃 阜康 新疆 

分 类 号：S435.622.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]