基于生态功能分区的陕北延河流域旱地系统生态需水测评  

Evaluation to ecological water requirement of dry land system based on ecological function zones in Yanhe watershed

作　　者：王丽霞[1] 任朝霞[1] 任志远[2] 马超群[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,西安710054 [2]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2012年第6期156-161,I0007,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001374);国家自然科学基金项目(41040011);国家自然科学基金项目(31140042)

摘　　要：该文以延河流域旱地系统为研究对象,选取具有生态学和水文学意义的指标,建立流域生态功能分区指标体系,应用"3S"技术,划分流域生态功能分区。在此基础上,运用相应的数学模型,对各分区旱地系统的生态需水及其空间分布特征进行测评和分析。结果表明,延河流域基本划分为防风固沙区、防旱抗旱区、水土保持区、农业种植区和植被保护区等五大生态功能分区。景观尺度上,有林地-黏壤土的单位面积生态需水最大,约为502.31mm/a;牧草地-砂壤土的单位面积生态需水最小,约为300.01mm/a。生态功能分区尺度上,植被保护区的单位面积生态需水最大,约为357.72mm/a,防旱抗旱区的单位面积生态需水最小,约为304.73mm/a。该研究为明确流域水生态环境保护目标以及水土资源的利用方向和生态整治重点提供科学依据。In this research, by taking dry land system of Yanhe watershed as an example, we selected the index with ecology and hydrology meaning and applied the RS, GIS and GPS technologies to establish the ecological function zones. At the same time, we assessed and analyzed the ecological water requirement and its distribution characteristics at the scales of vegetation-soil landscapes and ecological function zones. The results showed that Yanhe watershed could be divided into five ecological zones, which were sand fixation zone, drought defense zone, land and water maintenance zone, farmland planting zone and vegetation protection zone, respectively. The ecological water requirement of forest-cohesive loam was the most amount with 502.31 mm/a; while that of grassland-sandy loam was the least amount with 300.01 mm/a. The ecological water requirement of vegetation protection zone was the most amount with 357.72 mm/a; while that of drought defense zone was the least amount with 304.73 mm/a. This research offers scientific references for optimal allocation and sustainable utilization of land-water resources, and it is significant for ecosystem management.

关 键 词：功能分析 生态 水分 植被 生态功能分区 旱地系统 生态需水 延河流域 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]