中部地区两类矮砧密植苹果园生产效率及光照质量评价  

Evaluation of Productivity and Light Quality in Two High Density Dwarf Rootstock Apple Orchards in Central China

作　　者：高登涛[1] 郭景南[1] 魏志峰[1] 范庆锦[1] 杨朝选[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2012年第5期909-916,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：农业部国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-28)

摘　　要：【目的】对中部地区两类矮砧密植苹果园的生产效率及光照质量进行评价,为本地区矮砧密植苹果园管理提供参考。【方法】测定单株结构参数以及枝(梢)量、枝类组成、覆盖率等果园群体参数,研究冠层光照,调查果实产量和品质。【结果】细长纺锤形果园每667m2枝量为5.4×104条,果园覆盖率为76%,叶面积指数为1.9,长中短枝比例1﹕1﹕8,产量3 263 kg/667m2,一级果率85%,冠层光截获率为58%,优质冠积比例为65%;改良纺锤形果园每667m2枝量为9.3×104条,果园覆盖率为77%,叶面积指数为3.3,长中短枝比例1﹕2﹕7,产量3 931kg/667m2,一级果率85%,冠层光截获率为73%,优质冠积比例为35%。【结论】采用M26中间砧、以细长纺锤形和改良纺锤形整形的中密度栽植模式可为中部地区矮砧密植苹果园的发展提供参考。【Objective】The objective of the experiment is to investigate the productivity and light quality in two high density M26 dwarf rootstock apple orchards in central China and give some management guidance for the high density dwarf rootstock apple planting.【Method】 The technical parameters of individual trees,group parameters as shoots number and composition,the percentage of the land covered by canopy were determined,and the light quality in the canopy,crop production and fruit quality were investigated.【Result】 Slender spindle(SS) orchard has 54 thousands shoots per 667m2.Coverage rate is 76%.The ratio of long,medium and spur shoot is 1﹕1﹕8.The fruit yield is 3 263 kg/667m2.The light interception is 58%.The ratio of canopy which has good illumination is 65%.The first grade fruit accounts for 85%.Modified slender spindle(MSS) orchard has 93 thousands shoots per 667m2 and the coverage rate is 77%.The ratio of long,medium and spur shoot is 1﹕2﹕7.The fruit yield is 3 931 kg/667m2.The light interception is 73%.The ratio of canopy which has good illumination is 35%.The first grade fruit accounts for 85%.【Conclusion】Apple orchard with M26 dwarf rootstock trained as SS and MSS tree form may be useful to the management of the similar orchards in central China.

关 键 词：矮砧苹果 密植 树形 生产效率 光照质量 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]