三峡库区澎溪河鱼类时空分布特征的水声学研究  

Spatio-temporal distribution of fish in the Pengxi River arm of the Three Gorges reservoir

作　　者：任玉芹[1,2] 陈大庆[1] 刘绍平[1] 段辛斌[1] 李世健[1,3] 王生[4] 王珂[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部长江中上游渔业资源环境重点野外科学试验站,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,武汉430223 [2]中国水产科学研究院北戴河中心实验站,秦皇岛066100 [3]华中农业大学水产学院,武汉430070 [4]西南大学生命科学学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第6期1734-1744,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助(200903048)

摘　　要：为了解三峡库区支流澎溪河鱼类时空分布变化,2009—2010年的秋季、冬季和春季,使用Simrad EY60鱼探仪对澎溪河的鱼类资源量及其时空分布特征进行3次声学调查。结果表明:3个季节鱼类水平分布不均匀,鱼类最大密度分别为67.07尾/1000 m3,19.66尾/1000m3,17.25尾/1000m3且不同季节上层、中层鱼类密度水平分布有显著性差异(P≤0.01,P=0.03);各季节鱼类密度垂直分布也有一定差异,冬季上层鱼类密度和下层鱼类密度差异较为显著(P=0.05);另外鱼类密度昼夜分布有显著性差异(P<0.05),造成该现象的原因主要是由于鱼类的昼夜垂直节律(Diel Vertical Migration,DVM)引起;3个季节的鱼类目标强度(TS值)的差异极其显著(P<0.01),其中秋季鱼类TS最高((-57.0±5.6)dB),春季TS值最低((-58.6±4.9)dB),造成该差异的原因是4—6月是长江上游鱼类繁殖季节,仔稚鱼居多。鱼类空间分布及其位点的水深关系分析显示,鱼类密度水平分布秋季、冬季与水深不相关(︱r︱<0.2),春季与水深中度负相关(r=-0.5,P≤0.05)。The Pengxi River has become an important anabranch of the Three Gorges reservoir following construction of the Three Gorges Dam. The river has the largest submersed area and the most extensive riparian zone of all of the tributaries to the reservoir. Changes to the hydrology of the system are expected to affect both the abundance and distribution of fish fauna and environmental conditions in the Pengxi River. We documented the temporal and spatial distribution of fish in the river by conducting acoustic surveys, using a split-beam echo-sounder （Simrad EY60, 200 kHz）, in autumn （October to November, 2009）, winter （ December 2009 to January 2010）, and spring （April to May, 2010）. During the same period, we also collected samples of the fish assemblage using gill nets and shrimp pots. The acoustic surveys were typically completed during the day, although we also surveyed some sections of the river at night during the winter. We estimated fish density using the echo integral method at three depth strata and in the entire water column several times during each of thethree seasons. The depth strata were classified as surface （from transducer to 1/3 total depth）, mid-depth （1/3 to 2/3 total depth） and bottom （2/3 total depth to the riverbed）. We tested for differences in the distribution of fish throughout the Pengxi River （ horizontally, vertically, day and night, and seasonally） using the survey data. Our results suggest there are significant differences in the spatio-temporal distribution of fish in the impounded section of Pengxi River. For example, the horizontal distribution of fish density was not homogeneous, and varied significantly among seasons within the surface （P ~〈0.01 ） and mid-depth （P= 0.03） water strata, but not among seasons within entire water column （P = 0.70）. The highest density of fishes was found at the confluence of the Pengxi River arm and the main body of the impoundment. The maximum density was 67.07, 19.66, and 17.25 ind./1000 m3 in autumn, win

关 键 词：澎溪河 三峡水库 时空分布 水声学 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]