80起急性职业中毒事件流行病学分析  

An Epidemiological Analysis of 80 Acute Occupational Poisoning Accidents

作　　者：杨黎明[1] 黄云彪[1] 王宇[1] 施渊[1] 严军[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心,上海200136

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2012年第3期171-172,共2页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]分析上海市浦东新区80起急性职业中毒事件的行业、人群和时间分布特征及主要原因,为制订防治对策提供依据。[方法]用回顾性调查的方法,对该区1996年1月至2008年12月间发生的80起急性职业中毒事件进行回顾性调查分析。[结果]80起急性职业中毒事件共造成157人中毒,其中男性129人(82.2%),女性28人(17.8%);年发生数以2003至2005年为高峰,共发生43起;致中毒化学物质中,硫化氢共造成急性职业中毒42人(26.8%),死亡15人(71.4%);发生于7—9月的急性职业中毒事件共45起(56.3%)。事故发生的主要原因有防护设施失效(35.0%)、未使用个人防护用品(28.7%)、违反安全操作规程(18.3%)等。[结论]针对该区发生急性职业中毒主要原因,应采取加强安全教育、配备防护设施及相应个人防护用品等综合防制措施。[Objective] To study the characteristics of industry,population and time distributions of 80 acute occupational poisoning accidents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,to explore the prime causes,and to provide a basis for developing control and prevention strategies.[Methods] A retrospective survey was conducted on 80 acute occupational poisoning accidents which occurred between January 1996 and December 2008.[Results] A total of 157 victims were identified in these 80 acute occupational poisoning accidents,with 129 males（82.2%） and 28 females（17.8%）.The peak annual occurrence（43 accidents） was found in the period of 2003-2005.Sulfureted hydrogen was identified as the most common chemical substance that caused 42 people（26.8%） poisoned and 15（71.4%） deaths.Of the 80 accidents,45（56.3%） occurred from July to September.The common causes of the accidents included protection equipment failure（35.0%）,not wearing personal protective equipments（28.7%）,and violation of safety operation procedures（18.7%）.[Conclusion] A comprehensive strategy on safety education and the allocation of safeguards and personal protective equipments should be introduced against the causes of acute occupational poisoning.

关 键 词：急性职业中毒 事故分析 预防 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]