生成图式与反思理性 解析布迪厄的知识社会学理论  

Generative Schema and Reflexivity:On Pierre Bourdieu's Sociology of Knowledge

作　　者：赵万里[1] 赵超[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院社会学系

出　　处：《社会》2012年第2期33-50,共18页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：韩国高等教育财团南开大学亚洲研究中心项目"知识社会学与当代社会理论研究"(2006;AS0606);教育部新世纪人才支持计划项目"知识社会学与当代社会学前沿问题研究"(2007)资助~~

摘　　要：知识社会学思想是布迪厄社会学理论的有机组成部分,也是理解他的整个社会学研究工作的重要线索。布迪厄借用现象学概念,对知识与社会的关系等问题进行重新诠释,并为当代知识社会学的解释模式注入了新的活力。本文认为,布迪厄对知识社会学理论的贡献主要体现在以下两个方面:第一,借鉴现象学认识论,将人类的思维原则述作"生成图式"或"信念",用二重性表述替代了认知范畴与社会范畴的二元对立;第二,通过对"实践知识"与"科学(含社会学)知识"遵循的相异逻辑进行说明,探讨了客观真知的生成所倚赖的具体社会条件。Bourdieu＇s sociology of knowledge makes an integral part of his sociological theory and is a critical clue for understanding his entire sociological research.This article takes his sociology of knowledge as a unique approach to systematically review Bourdieu＇s theory in the areas of knowledge expression,the functional relationship between knowledge and society,practical knowledge,literature and art,and scientific knowledge.First of all,Bourdieu＇s theory of knowledge was embedded in the French sociological tradition which emphasized understanding human cognation and its hidden unconscious level,and was characteristic of exploring its link to structural factors.Having incorporated phenomenological epistemology,Bourdieu reinterpreted the relationship between knowledge and society,which modified and revolutionized the French tradition of the sociology of knowledge.By describing human being＇s thinking principle as ＂generative schema＂ or ＂doxa,＂ the dualism between cognition and society was replaced with the duality expression.Therefore,the logic dilemma that once puzzled Bourdieu＇s French predecessors of sociology of knowledge was partly resolved.Secondly,through the description of the difference logic that the ＂practical knowledge＂ and the ＂scientific（including sociological） knowledge＂ had followed,Bourdieu discussed the specific social condition upon which objective knowledge making had to rely,making the sociology of knowledge an essential way to address epistemological problems.Thus,investigation of knowledge in all forms became possible,the unique position of scientific knowledge was maintained,and sociology of knowledge was prevented from sliding into the trap of relativism.Finally,Bourdieu＇s sociology of knowledge was encapsulated in his theory of practice and his studies of culture.He transferred the theoretical issues of the sociology of knowledge into the empirical ones of the sociology of culture.Thus Bourdieu committed to correcting the dualism between theory and empirical r

关 键 词：布迪厄 知识社会学 生成图式 实践感 反思性 

分 类 号：C91-06[经济管理]