新疆荒漠地区C_4植物的生态分布与区系分析  

Geographic distribution and ecology of C_4 plants in Xinjiang

作　　者：冯缨[1] 段士民[1] 牟书勇[1] 赵莉[1] 赵兴华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2012年第1期145-153,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(新疆藜科灌木稳定同位素组成研究)

摘　　要：以前人工作为基础,对照已发表的C3、C4植物一览表,及近年国内外陆续发表的资料,综合整理出新疆荒漠地区已知的C4植物名录,共有14科63属的279种植物,同时归纳分析了279种C4植物的分类地位、生活型、地理成分以及区系特点等方面。研究结果表明:藜科最多,其次是禾本科、莎草科、百合科和蓼科等等。所以该区的C4类型中被子植物的双子叶植物多于单子叶植物,蕨类植物和裸子植物就没有C4植物。1年生和多年生植物占优势,C4草本植物对环境的适应能力更强,是荒漠环境中植物适应自然的生物学策略,这与植物的进化密切相关。调查区内C4植物群落优势种占C4种的10%,其中125种C4植物生于沙丘中,103种C4植物生于盐生的环境,有56种C4植物生于湿地或水生的生境。证明C4植物能更好地适应干旱、盐渍等不良环境,体现了C4植物抗逆性强的生物学特点。同时依据中国种子植物属的分布区类型的划分方法,将新疆荒漠区C4植物划分为10个分布区类型,表现出植物区系地理成分的多样性;其中地中海、西亚至中亚成分占优势有13属60种。区系地理反映了物种演化过程的历史气候、地质变化动态。利用C4植物的特点以期为对当前植物抗逆育种、解决我国西北地区的荒漠化问题均具有积极的意义,对今后该地区研究提供科学依据。All the C4 plants in the arid area of Xinjiang were identified according to the stable carbon isotope ratios contents and some related literatures. There are 278 species of C4 plants from 66 genuses in 12 families. The tax- onomy, life form, geographical element and the areal - types of genera were accordingly analysis. The results showed that the families with most species orderly from Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Liliaceae, Polygonaceae etc. Among which,the dicotyledon more than monocotyledon of angiosperm , there is not C4 plants in the pterido- phyte and the gymnosperm. Annual and perennial of C4 plant dominate in the arid area of Xinjiang. This reveals these species compete with a better-adapted and more powerful succession evolution. The dominant of C4 plants species occupy accounts for 10%. Among C4 plants 125 species grow in sand dune, 103 species grow in salt and al- kaloid environment,56 species grow in wet environment. Everything prove C4 plant might have higher tolerance to environmental stresses （dry and salting） and could make greater contribution to sand land restoration of botanic characters. Furthermore,The floristic composition of C4 plants is concisely enumerated and were found to belong to 10 categories,which the dominant element of the geographical composition was Mediterranea, W. Asia to C. Asia and there are 13 genera and 60 species in this region. The distribution of the florae reflects the dynamic climatic and ge- ological changes during the species succession on a historical scale. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out the study on breeding, introduction and popularization of C4 plants and so as to solve desertification in the arid regions in northwest China. The complete investigation of the plant resources and their distribution and succession in the region will provide the scientific basis for protecting the plant resources in the region.

关 键 词：新疆荒漠地区C4植物 地理分布 区系 

分 类 号：Q948.5[生物学—植物学]