萌芽开花期梨枣对土壤水势的响应  

Response of pear-jujube to different soil water potentials during budding and flowering stages

作　　者：韩立新[1,2] 汪有科[1,3] 张琳琳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2012年第4期454-458,共5页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：西北生态脆弱区经济作物高效用水关键技术研究与示范(2011BAD29B04);节水型旱作红枣修剪技术集成与示范(2011KTCL02-02)资助

摘　　要：本试验选取4年生梨枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)为试验材料,设置-31^-51 kPa、-41^-84 kPa、-59^-132kPa和-161 kPa(不灌溉)4个土壤水势水平,结合茎直径微变化、营养生长与生殖生长量,分析了梨枣在萌芽开花期对土壤水势的响应。结果表明:1)在梨枣萌芽期,土壤水势在-41^-84 kPa范围波动时,茎直径日最大收缩量最小,营养生长与生殖生长最旺盛,是该时期适宜的土壤水势范围;花芽分化适宜的土壤水势范围为-41^-132 kPa。梨枣萌芽期适当的水分亏缺不影响花芽分化,但减弱了营养生长量,优化了营养生长与生殖生长的比例。2)在梨枣开花期,土壤水势范围为-54^-78 kPa时,茎直径日最大收缩量最小,坐果率较高,为开花期适宜的土壤水势范围;土壤水势为-79^-114 kPa时坐果率最高。开花期轻度的水分亏缺可显著提高坐果率。3)土壤水势过高或过低都抑制梨枣的营养生长、生殖生长和坐果,但水涝能促进茎直径生长,水分缺亏则抑制茎直径生长。4)在平水年,梨枣的萌芽期无需灌水,自然降雨即能满足其萌芽展叶、花芽分化的需要,但开花期,降雨不能满足梨枣高坐果率的需要。Pear-jujube is widely cultivated in the Loess Plateau Region（LPR） of China where it is used to reforest farmlands.Pear-jujube culture was previously constrained by wasteful use of limited water resources that characterized traditional irrigation,restricting local agricultural development.It was therefore vital to study water demand at different growth stages of pear-jujube.This paper discussed the response of 4-year-old pear-jujube trees to different soil water potentials.Both vegetative and reproductive growth processes were studied in commercial pear-jujube orchards in Mengcha Village of Mizhi County,Shaanxi Province.Four levels of soil water potentials [ 31- 51 kPa,41- 84 kPa,59- 132 kPa and 161 kPa（no irrigation treatment）] were set up to determine suitable soil water potentials at budding and flowering stages of pear-jujube.While soil water potential was measured us-ing the equilibrium tensiometer（EQ15）,trunk diameter fluctuation was measured using the linear variable displacement transformers（LVDT）.The results showed that in different soil water potentials,trunk diameter fluctuation and vegetative and reproductive growths among treatments were significantly different（P〈0.05）.During the budding stage,suitable soil water potential was in the range of 41- 84 kPa,in which pear-jujube vegetative and reductive growths were flourished with the least maximum daily shrink-age（MDS） among the treatments.However,the suitable soil water potential for pear-jujube flower bud differentiation was in the range of 41- 132 kPa.Although mild water stress did not adversely affect flower bud differentiation during budding stage,vegeta-tive growth dropped and vegetative-reproductive growth relationship optimized.As at soil water potential range of 54- 78 kPa during flowering stage,MDS dropped to lowest point while fruit setting percent was highest.The most suitable soil water potential at pear-jujube flowering stage was therefore in the range of 54- 78 kPa.Also the most suitable soil water potential for p

关 键 词：梨枣(Ziziphus JUJUBA Mill.) 土壤水势 水分亏缺 萌芽开花期 茎直径微变化 营养生长 生殖生长 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学] S275[农业科学—园艺学]