华北农牧交错带外来植物入侵特征分析  

Survey on alien invasive plants in agro-pastoral ecotone of Huabei Region

作　　者：陈超[1,2] 黄顶[1,2] 王堃[1,2] 于井瑞 曲永全 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193 [2]河北沽源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测站,河北沽源076550 [3]内蒙古自治区敖汉旗草原工作站,内蒙古敖汉旗024300

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2012年第1期24-28,共5页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA10Z250)资助

摘　　要：基于相关资料的整理和专家咨询,运用样带调查法对华北农牧交错带的外来植物入侵状况进行了调查。结果表明:华北农牧交错带现有外来入侵植物19种,隶属于11科18属,其中禾本科和菊科两大科的外来植物种类最多,分别占21.05%和15.79%。在生活型方面,一、二年生的外来入侵植物种类最多,占总数的84.21%;在起源地方面,原产地为美洲的外来入侵植物种类占到入侵植物总数的52.63%;在引入途径方面,人为有意引入占63.16%。通过分析外来入侵植物与生境之间的关系表明:相比较沙地和天然草地,道路两旁、撂荒地、庭院村旁、农田以及农田草地边界等人为干扰强烈的地方所受到外来植物的危害相对更为严重。因此,针对不同的入侵生境类型采取相应的防护措施对于农牧交错带的生态保护和生态恢复具有重要意义。Based on the analyses of related information and experts' consultation,of the paper surveyed alien invasive plants with transect sampling in agro-pastoral ecotone of Huabei region.The results showed that there were 19 species of alien invasive plants in agro-pastoral ecotone of Huabei region,belonging to 11 families,18 genera.Gramineae and Compositae were the most species of alien invasive plants,which account for 21.05% and 15.79% respectively of total alien invasive species.For the life-style,the annual or biennial plants were the most alien invasive plant species,account for 84.21%.For the origination,the invasive plant species were mainly from the Americas,which account for 52.63%.For the introduction approach,intentionally introduced was the main way,which account for 63.16%.The habit selection of alien invasive plants showed that human disturbed places,involving cropland and surrounding area,roadsides,abandoned lands,villages and countryside surroundings,more easily fit to growing than sandland and grassland.the disturbed places,such as farmlands,boundaries of farmland and grassland,Therefore,it's very important to take various measures according to different invasive approaches for ecosystem conservation and rehabilitation in agro-pastoral ecotone.

关 键 词：农牧交错带 生物入侵 原产地 引入途径 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学] Q-9[农业科学—畜牧学]