温度骤降对西伯利亚鲟心律和鳃动频率的影响  

Heart Beating Frequency and Gill Ventilating Frequency of Siberian Sturgeon under No-water Low Temperature

作　　者：张颖[1] 刘晓勇[2] 曲秋芝[1] 孙大江[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]中国水产科学研究院鲟鱼繁育工程中心,北京100141

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2012年第1期1-4,共4页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201003055)

摘　　要：将西伯利鲟(Acipenser baeri)(平均体重为1.09kg,体长60.1cm)从25℃急速降温至1～2℃,然后采用B型超声仪等方法研究其在降温过程中、2℃离水保存过程中和不同复苏时间过程中的心率、鳃动频率和成活率的变化规律。结果表明:温度骤降可使西伯利亚鲟进入休眠状态,2℃离水低温保存30h后可复苏存活,而超过35h后全部死亡。在温度骤降过程中,西伯利亚鲟的心率变化表现为强度减弱和次数逐渐降低。而鳃动频率由75次/min逐渐降低至0次/min,与心率变化不呈线性关系。复苏过程中,受试鱼的心率变化与急速降温的变化规律相同,表现为强度增强后,次数逐渐增加。西伯利亚鲟鱼种的运输实验表明,低温无水运输12h后,西伯利亚鲟(体重为24.69g,体长19.27 cm)的成活率为90%。笔者建议,低温无水方法运输西伯利亚鲟商品鱼时不应超过30h,运输温度应保持稳定,复苏水温必须由低到高递进。The heart beating frequency, gill ventilating frequency and survival were observed in the Siberian sturgeon （marketable fish with mean body weight of 1.09± 0.58kg, and mean body length of 60.1 ±6.13cm, and juveniles with mean body weight of 24.69± 5.14g, and body length of 19.27± 2.43） exposed to acute changes in temperature from 25 ℃ to 1-2℃ without water during the acute cooling, and the recovery process, and at 2℃. It was found that the Siberian sturgeon had a decline heart beating intensity, and then showed decrease in heart beating frequency. The gill ventilating frequency was found to change from 75 times / min gradually to 0 times / min, without linear relationship with the heart beating rate. In the recovery process, the heart beating pattern was shown to have a similar tendency to the fish in low temperature, with the enhanced strength and increase in the heart beating frequency. The juveniles sturgeon was shown to recovery at water temperature of about 12 ℃-15 ℃, and to irritate, rapid swimming, floating heads out of the water, and even death 3h later, mortality up to 100%, at water temperature of higher than 18 ℃. It is suggested that the juvenile Siberi- an sturgeon transportation at low temperature without water be carried out under gradual temperature enhancement for less than 12h.

关 键 词：西伯利亚鲟 低温 心律 鳃动频率 无水运输 

分 类 号：S96[农业科学—水产养殖]