四川与秦岭野生大熊猫在形态和生态习性上的差异  

Difference in Morphology and Ecological Traits of Wild Giant Pandas in the Qinling Mountians and Sichuan

作　　者：蒋辉[1] 古晓东 黄雁楠[1] 张泽钧[1] 

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学珍稀动植物研究所,四川南充637009 [2]四川省野生动物资源调查保护站,四川成都610081

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第1期12-18,共7页Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30970382);四川省青年科技基金(07ZQ026-017)

摘　　要：大熊猫是我国特有的珍稀濒危物种,现仅分布于秦岭、岷山、邛崃山、大相岭、小相岭以及凉山等隔离的山系中.本文在前人报道的基础上,对秦岭与四川野生大熊猫从形态、食性、栖息地利用、迁移、发情交配以及产仔育幼等方面进行了比较.两地大熊猫在头骨、牙齿以及体色等方面出现了差异,在食性、产仔育幼洞穴利用等诸多生态习性上亦明显不同.分析认为,两地大熊猫在形态以及生态习性上的分化,可能既是局部环境差异以及长期遗传分化综合作用的结果,也体现了大熊猫对人类干扰的适应性反应.在管理措施上,两地大熊猫应作为不同的管理单元来区别对待.As an endemic species to China,the giant panda（Ailuropoda melanoleuca） is only distributed in the isolated Qinling,Minshan,Qionglai,Daxiangling,Xiaoxiangling and Liangshan Mountains.Based on previous reports,we made a comprehensive comparison of morphology in skull,tooth and body colour,diet,habitat use,migration,estrus and maternal feature of wild giant pandas in the Qinling Mountains and Sichuan.Difference was found in skull,tooth and body size for gant pandas in the two areas,and ecological traits,including diet,habitat use and migration differed significantly,too.Different environmental conditions and genetic divergence presumbly contributed to above difference,and giant pandas also exhibited some adaptive behavioural adjustment to human interference in the Qinling Mountains.Giant pandas in the Qinling Mountains and Sichuan should be treated as two separate Management Units when developing adaptive management strategies.

关 键 词：大熊猫 四川 秦岭 形态 生态习性 差异 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]