秦岭北麓地区农田土壤养分平衡状况演变分析  

Changes of nutrient balances in soil in the northern area of Qinling Mountain of Shaanxi during the past 30 years

作　　者：戴相林[1,2] 刘瑞[1] 周建斌[1,2] 高雪玲 王天泰 崔亚胜 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]长安区土肥站,陕西长安710128 [4]周至县土肥站,陕西周至710400 [5]户县土肥站,陕西户县710300

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第3期191-199,205,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B04);国家自然科学基金项目(40773057);西北农林科技大学创新团队项目

摘　　要：【目的】研究陕西秦岭北麓地区近30年农田土壤养分平衡状况的演变趋势,为评价该区域土壤肥力变化并分析其产生的环境效应提供参考。【方法】以位于陕西秦岭北麓的周至、户县和长安3个区县为研究对象,采用养分平衡法分析这一地区1980-2009年农田土壤养分的平衡状况。【结果】自1980年以来,研究地区农田化肥和有机肥的投入量均呈增加趋势,其中化肥投入量占养分总投入量的比例由1980年的47.2%增加到2009年的75.4%增幅较大;而有机肥投入量所占比例却由1980年的34.8%减少到2009年的18.8%。农田土壤中N一直处于盈余状态,P2O5则由亏缺转向明显盈余,K2O一直亏缺,但平衡率呈减小的趋势。【结论】陕西秦岭北麓地区应采取"减氮、控磷、增钾"的措施,以控制该区域农田土壤因N、P2O5盈余过量而可能带来的农业面源污染问题。[Objective] Analyzing the changes of nutrient balance in soils of a region is very important to understand the change of soil fertility and their potential effect on the environment. [Method] In this study,we analyzed the nutrient inputs and outputs in soils of the northern areas of Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi,including Zhouzhi, County Hu and Chang＇ an in 1980-2009, with data and parameters obtained from agriculture statistical reports and references in the region. [Result] The results indicated that since 1980, both the nutrient input from chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer had an increasing trend, especial- ly the nutrients from chemical fertilizer. The proportion of chemical fertilizer to total nutrient input in theregion increased from 47.2% in 1980 to 75.4% in 2009 ,whereas the proportion of organic fertilizer to total nutrient input declined from 34.8% in 1980 to 18.8% in 2009. Nitrogen balance in soil of the region was at surplus;phosphorus balance became positive since 1990,instead of deficiency in 1980;and potassium bal- ance was still negative,but the negative rate became less and less. [Conclusion] To prevent the non-point pollution caused by the excessive accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil in the north region of Qinling mountain of Weihe River in Shaanxi, we suggest controling the application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and increasing potassium fertilizer in the agriculture.

关 键 词：秦岭北麓地区 化肥 有机肥 农田养分平衡 农业面源污染 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]