易燃易爆危险品道路运输火灾事故应急区域的确定方法  

Determination methods of emergency region for fire accident of flammable and explosive hazardous materials(hazmats) in transportation by road

作　　者：任常兴[1] 张欣[1] 张网[1] 王婕[1] 吕东[1] 李晋[1] 

机构地区：[1]公安部天津消防研究所,天津300381

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2012年第2期97-101,共5页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：天津市应用基础研究计划项目(编号:10JCYBJC03600)

摘　　要：从消防监管的角度给出了道路运输易燃易爆危险品的火灾危险性分级标准,分析了典型泄漏事故后果场景和常见的泄漏规模类型。介绍了美国消防协会NFPA471、应急响应手册ERG2008危险品运输事故初期区域的确定方法,并提出了基于影响半径的危险品道路运输火灾事故现场应急区域和人员疏散范围的确定方法。提出对于易燃易爆危险品道路运输事故应急区域的确定,在初期可优先采用ERG 2008提供的初期隔离距离与防护距离进行先期处置,然后根据运输危险品的类型、运输量和影响区人员总数进行定量评估分析,以确定适当的应急区域范围。依据运输道路场所环境和事故场景特点,快速而合理的确定事故应急隔离区和疏散区,可较科学地应对突发性灾难事故,采取快速应急响应措施,优化消防警力配备。该文研究提出的方法和研究结论,可为危险品道路运输消防应急力量优化调度,现场指挥员采取有效措施开展抢险救援行动提供技术支持,有利于现场事故应急处置和人员快速安全疏散。In this paper,the fire rank methods of flammable and explosive hazardous materials（hazmats） was introduced from the point of view for fire protection administration,and some selected accident scenarios and release size were analyzed.Moreover,some recommended practice about initial accident region of transportation of hazmats from NFPA471 and ERG2008 were described,and it was proposed by a quantitative approach to determine the potential emergency and evacuation distance based on utilizing hazmats transport accident consequences as an emergency criterion.In order to determine the emergency region of hazmats transport accidents by road,it was recommended that the protective action zone and initial isolation distance of ERG2008 may be adopted in early incident.Afterward,according to hazmats class,transport volume and total expose people,the emergency zone could be adjusted by putting in practice the quantitative assessment and analysis.In regards to current locations of road transport environment and accident scenarios figure,the appropriate accident emergency isolation region and evacuation zone can be determined quickly and logically,and it contributes to scientifically answer up emergency catastrophic accident by taking some fast emergency response measure and optimizing firemen and fire equipment.The proposed method and study conclusion might play a very important role in the fire emergency response resource and help the fire commanders to implement the rescue efficiently in hazmat transport accidents by road.And this will greatly benefit both incident treatment and people escape on location.

关 键 词：易燃易爆危险品 火灾 应急区域 道路运输 影响距离 

分 类 号：X928[环境科学与工程—安全科学]