生态系统服务供给-消费研究:黄河流域案例  

Ecosystem services supply and consumption——A case in Yellow River watershed,China

作　　者：杨莉[1] 甄霖[2] 潘影[2] 曹晓昌[2,3] 龙鑫[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京清华城市规划设计研究院,北京100085 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2012年第3期131-138,共8页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(编号:2009CB421106);中科院科技创新重要方向项目(KZCX2-EW-306);科技部中-欧科技合作专项(编号:0813);国家科技支撑计划课题(编号:2008BAK50B05)资助

摘　　要：选取黄河流域食物和薪柴供给服务功能,基于县级统计数据和土地利用数据,从生态系统服务供给-消费的角度分析了该地区生态系统服务消费满足状况和时空差异特征。结果表明:1995-2008年,流域内食物供给服务呈现上升趋势,全流域粮食、油料和肉类三类食物产量分别增加1408×104t、112×104t和140×104t,增产的县(市)分别占69.9%、54.7%和68.3%。单产增加是导致食物供给能力增强的关键因素。各省食物供给-消费状况总体好转,盈余区比例超过50%,不同食物种类空间特征略有差异。粮食实际消费在青海和四川两省出现较大面积的匮乏区,油料和肉类消费尚未满足营养需求,营养摄入需求仍存在较大缺口。1995-2000年,流域薪柴供给空间格局未出现显著变化,薪柴总供给量降低了2.1%,呈现轻微下降的趋势。但由于各省(自治区)供给与消费的同期下降导致薪柴消费平衡格局未发生显著变化,薪柴供给-消费平衡仍保持较高的水平,67%的县(市)薪柴供给量有所盈余。通过分析区域生态系统服务供给和消费的时空变化趋势,研究人类对生态系统服务的消费,将为推动人类对生态系统服务的合理消费和管理,促进人类福祉发展的社会目标提供科学依据。This study analyzed the relationship between the supply and consumption of ecosystem services of the food and fuelwood supply in the Yellow River watershed based on the lands use data and statistics data in county-level.The temporal and spatial differences of the food and fuelwood supply and consumption were also discussed.The results showed that there was an upward trend of food supply services in the Yellow River watershed from 1995 to 2008.The grain,oil and meat production increased by 1408×104 tons,112×104 tons and 140×104 tons respectively.The proportions of counties of which production increased accounted for 69.9 %,54.7% and 68.3% for the whole watershed.The increase of productivity was a key factor for this trend.The satisfaction state of provincial food supply and consumption was improved,and ratio of the surplus area was more than half.There were differences between the spatial patterns of the three kinds of food.The grain production failed to satisfy the consumption in some parts of Qinghai and Sichuan provinces.The oil and meat supply failed to satisfy the requirements of nutrient consumption.During 1995-2000,there were no huge changes of spatial pattern of firewood supply in the region.The total fuelwood supply decreased by 2.08%.However,due to the reduced fuelwood consumption,the consumption remained satisfiable at relatively high level;67% of the counties had a surplus supply of fuelwood.Through the analysis of relationships of regional ecosystem services supply and consumption and the temporary and spatial pattern,the research will promote the rational consumption pattern of ecosystem services for the locals,and provide a scientific basis for the policy makers to improve human well-being.

关 键 词：生态系统服务消费 食物供给 薪柴供给 黄河流域 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]