窟野河洪水特性及变化趋势分析  

Analysis on the flood characteristics and its change trend in the Kuye River basin

作　　者：赵晓坤[1,2] 王随继[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2012年第4期92-96,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(编号:2010CB428404)资助

摘　　要：根据窟野河流域把口站温家川站1954～1990年和2006、2008年的洪水记录,运用不同洪水发生频次比较法和流量水位关系分析法等方法,分析了该流域洪水的年际变化特征和变化趋势以及年内变化特征,得出窟野河流域的暴雨洪水年际变化大,从洪水频次变化和最大洪峰流量变化可以看出,窟野河流域80年代以前洪峰流量大,洪水发生次数较多,80年代以后洪峰流量急剧减小,2008年的最大洪峰流量仅有89.9m3/s,创历史最低。显然,最大洪峰流量自上世纪80年代初开始趋于变小;而年内洪水主要发生在7～9月,与降水量分配一致。研究区最大洪水流量的变小趋势主要受汛期降水量的减小和人类水土保持活动的影响。温家川站最大洪水的流量-水位过程线主要有逆时针环、顺时针环、单一线型和"8"字形四类单一关系。逆时针环线的出现几率最大,可能受制于高含沙水流、流域地形特性和地貌组成单元等因素。Abstract： Based on the flood data of Wenjiachuan station which is the export station of the Kuye river, annual and monthly change and its trend about flood flow from 1954 to 1990, 2006 and 2008 were analyzed. With thee method of comparison among different floods and analysis about the discharge - water level hydrograph of the maximal flood, we can see that in the Kuye river basin, annual flood flow changed greatly, the frequency of flood was high before 1980s while flood peak discharge sharply decreased, even the minimum one was only 89.9m^3/sin 2008. Obviously, the maximum flood peak discharge decreased rapidly since the beginning of 1980s influ- enced by runoff in flood season and human activities, especially different soil conservation measures; The disci- pline of flood flow distribution was as the same as the one of runoff distribution in flood season, which concentrat- ed from July until September. In this work, the discharge - water level hydrographs of the maximal flood in Wenjiachuan station occurred in the typical years has been revealed and listed below： single line, clockwise loop,anticlockwise loop, and ＂8＂ -shape plus line. These relations reflected the channel bed was eroded or deposited. And the chance of anticlockwise loop occurred was more than other loops , it was maybe because of hyper - concentrated flow, terrain feature and landform composition unit.

关 键 词：窟野河 洪水 变化趋势 影响因素 

分 类 号：P331.1[天文地球—水文科学]