基于GIS的藏东横断山区土壤侵蚀分布特征研究  

Spatial characteristics of soil erosion in Hengduan Mountain region,eastern Tibet based on GIS

作　　者：范建容[1] 刘飞[1,2] 宫奎方 郭芬芬[1,2] 郭祥[1,2] 张定容 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西藏自治区水土保持局,拉萨850000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2012年第4期144-149,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC06B06-01)资助

摘　　要：利用ARC/INFO的空间分析与统计分析功能,从海拔、坡度、土壤以及土地利用四个方面,对藏东横断山区土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)从总体上来讲,三江河谷地带水蚀较强;山体中部以微度侵蚀为主,而森林采伐迹地土壤侵蚀严重;海拔4500m以上地带,冻融侵蚀严重。(2)不同的海拔与坡度等级下,4000-5000m与25°-35°土壤侵蚀最强。(3)水力侵蚀主要发生在褐土与灰褐土土壤类型,冻融侵蚀主要发生在寒冻土、黑毡土以及草毡土土壤类型。(4)土壤侵蚀主要发生在草地和林地,低覆盖草地上冻融侵蚀尤为严重。通过土壤侵蚀分布特征的研究,为土壤侵蚀防治对策提供科学依据。The Hengduan mountain region in eastern Tibet is the most ecologically critical region and also is thesource area of some large rivers, such as Lancang, Nu, and Chin - sha rivers. Based on spatial and staustlcat a- nalysis of GIS, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Hengduan mountains region of eastern Ti- bet were studied from the aspects of terrain altitude and slope, land use/land cover situation, soil type and distribution. The results indicated that： a） In general, the water erosion was the main erosion in the valley of threerivers; The slight water erosion was the primary erosion type in central mountains; The serious soil erosion hap- pened on the areas of forest cuttings ; Frozen erosion was especially serious while the altitude was more than 4,200 meter, b） For different altitude grades, soil erosion happened mostly between 4,000 and 5,000 meter, c） For different slope grades, soil erosion happened mostly between 25°and 35° d） The water erosion happenedmostly on brown soil and ash brown soil; frozen erosion was frigid frozen soils, dark fehy soils, and felty soils. e） The soil erosion happened mostly on grassland and woodland; frozen erosion was more significant on low cov-ering grass. The spatial distribution characteristics are important basis for the planning and application of soil ero- sion prevention.

关 键 词：藏东横断山区 土壤侵蚀 分布特征 空间分析 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]