玉米抗旱相关生理生化指标研究及品种筛选  

Physiological and biochemical indexes of drought resistance in maize and the selection of drought tolerance varieties

作　　者：沈业杰[1,2] 尹光华[1] 佟娜[1,2] 张法升[1,2] 谷建[1] 刘作新[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2012年第4期176-180,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑重大课题(2006BAD02A12);辽宁省重大项目"农业节水技术集成与示范"(2008212003);辽宁省博士启动基金课题(20071014)资助

摘　　要：对水分胁迫下12个玉米品种产量、水分利用效率和抗旱相关生理生化指标的分析表明,各品种产量与水分利用效率差异均达到显著水平(p<0.05),其中宁玉309、辽单565、郑单958、大民338四个品种的产量与水分利用效率达到较高水平;叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量等抗旱相关生理生化指标值的差异在水分胁迫下达到显著水平(p<0.05)。通过12个玉米品种生理生化指标值进行的聚类分析表明,辽单565、郑单518、北育288及大民338聚为一类,它们可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量、相对含水量较高,丙二醛含量较低,抗旱性强;郑单958、益丰29、铁研124及秀青74-5聚为一类,它们可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量、相对含水量较低,丙二醛含量较高,抗旱性弱;宁玉309、大丰26、冀玉10及抚玉8号的各抗旱相关生理生化指标含量居中,抗旱性中等。结果表明:辽单565和大民338两个品种在具有较高抗旱性基础上,产量与水分利用效率也达到较高水平,达到了节水、抗旱、增产的目标,适合推广应用。Water use efficiency （WUE）, yield and some physiological and biochemical indexes relevant to drought tolerance in 12 maize varieties were studied. Results showed that seed yield and WUE were strongly in- fluenced by maize varieties. There was statistically significant difference （ P 〈 0.05 ） among varieties in yield and WUE, and Ningyu309, Liaodan565, Zhengdan958, Damin338 showed better yield and high WUE. The diffi-dence of relative water content（ RWC）, proline content, chlorophyll content, MDA content, soluble sugar con- tent in 12 maize varieties under water stress were strongly influenced by maize varieties and there was statistically significant difference （P 〈 0.05 ）. Based on these physiological and biochemical indexes, 12 maize varieties were divided into 3 categories according to cluster analysis, namely, strong drought - resistance （ Liaodan565,Zhengdan518, Beiyu288 and Damin338）, such varieties were high in proline content, RWC, chlorophyll con- tent, soluble sugar content and low in MDA content; drought - sensitive （ Ningyu309, Dafeng26, Jiyul0, and Fuyu8） such varieties were low in proline content, RWC, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content and high inMDA content. Zhengdan958, Yifeng29, Tieyan124, Xiuqing74 - 5 were classified as moderately drought resist- anee varieties, for their dan565, and Damin338 higher WUE and yield. physi- biochemical indexes are more suitable to semiarid were medium. Accordingly, it is recommended that Liao- region of northeast China for their better drought tolerance,

关 键 词：玉米 抗旱性 生理生化指标 

分 类 号：S501[农业科学—作物学]