旱砂田宽膜覆盖籽瓜栽培技术土壤水温效应研究  

Study on effects of technique of wide plastic-film mulching on soil water and soil temperature for seed-melon on dryland covered with sand

作　　者：傅亲民 王彩斌[2] 刘生学[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业节水与土壤肥料管理总站,甘肃兰州730020 [2]会宁县农业技术推广中心,甘肃会宁730700

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第6期97-103,114,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省农业科技成果转化资金项目(5HS065-A91-001-08)

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验分析研究了旱砂田宽膜覆盖与其它覆膜方式的籽瓜土壤水分和温度效应。结果表明，砂田宽膜覆盖能显著保蓄土壤水分，增加籽瓜土壤水分含量。开花期较播种，砂田全膜覆盖、砂田宽膜覆盖和砂田半膜覆盖较对照砂田不覆膜0～20cm土壤含水量分别高3．5、3．4和2．6个百分点，lm土壤贮水量分别多34．3mm、33．Omm和20．3mm。砂田宽膜覆盖大幅度提高了农田降水利用率和籽瓜水分利用效率，砂田全膜覆盖、砂田宽膜覆盖、砂田半膜覆盖降水利用率分别达到78．5％、78．2％和74．1％，籽瓜水分利用效率分别达到10．15kg／（mm．hm2）、10．05kg／（mm．hm2）和8．22kg／（mm．hm2）。砂田宽膜覆盖显著地提高了籽瓜生育期土壤有效积温，并使平均地温达到籽瓜生长发育的最佳温度。在籽瓜膨大期，砂田全膜覆盖、砂田宽膜覆盖、砂田半膜覆盖较砂田不覆膜0～20cm土壤平均温度较播种分别高0—4．6℃、0～4．4℃和0—2．4℃，土壤总积温分别高484．7℃、465．5气和242．7℃，平均地温分别高3．8℃、3．6℃和1．9。C。与砂田全膜覆盖、砂田半膜覆盖和砂田不覆膜相比，砂田宽膜覆盖具有显著的经济效益，是目前旱砂田的最佳覆膜方式。Field plot experiments were conducted to analyze and investigate the effect of technique of wide plastic- film mulching on soil water and soil temperature for seed-melon on dryland covered with sand. The results showed that the technique of wide film mulching could collect and keep soil water and increase soil water content for seed-melon sig- nificantly. Compared with no film mulching （CK）, full film mulching, wide film mulching and half film mulching in- creased water content of 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer by 0 ~ 3.5 %, 0 ~ 3.4 % and 0 ~ 2.6 % respectively, and increased water storage of lm soil layer by 0 - 34.3 mm, 0 ~ 33.0 mm and 0 ~ 20.3 mm respectively before seed-melon anthesis. The technique increased field rainfall use rate and seed-melon water use efficiency remarkably. The rainfall use rates of field with full film mulching, wide film mulching and half film mulching reached 78.5%, 78.2% and 74.1% respectively, while the seed-melon water use efficiencies of them reached 10.15 kg/（mm＂ hm2）, 10.05 kg/（mm＂ hm2） and 8.22 kg/（mm＂ hm2） respectively. The technique enhanced soil effective accumulated temperature significantly in seed-melon growing period and made the average temperature reach the best for seed-melon growing. Compared with no film mulching, full film mulching, wide film mulching and half film mulching increased the average temperature of 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer by 0 - 4.6 ~C, 0 - 4.4 ~C and 0 - 2.4 ~C respectively before melon expanding, increased total accumulated temperature by 484.7~C, 465.5~C and 242.7~C respectively, and increased average accumulated temperature by 3.8~E, 3.6~C and 1.9~C respectively. Compared with the technique of full film mulching, half film mulching and no film mulching, the technique of wide film mulching had remarkable economic effects. So it was the best mulching mode for dryland covered with sand at persent..

关 键 词：籽瓜 旱砂田 宽膜覆盖栽培 土壤水分效应 土壤温度效应 

分 类 号：S652.9[农业科学—果树学]