辽宁玉米生产区土壤真菌的分离与鉴定  

Separation and Identification of Cornfield Soil Fungi in Harvesting Season in Liaoning Province

作　　者：魏美娜[1] 杨红[2] 刘志恒[1] 张江林[1] 李昕月[1] 白海涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110161 [2]大连民族学院环境与资源学院,辽宁大连116600

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2011年第5期606-609,共4页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：玉米;水稻等主要农作物重大病虫测报及综合技术研究(2008214001)

摘　　要：2010年9月至2010年10月,从辽宁省7个玉米主要产区采集土壤样品70份。通过不同分离方法,获得132个菌株,菌种保存于沈阳农业大学真菌实验室(HMSYAU)。经纯化培养鉴定出17个属,包括已定种19个,未定种3个。鉴定结果表明:扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)分离频率最高,为28.0%,其次分别为金孢属(Chrysosporium sp.)12.1%、微黄青霉(Penicillium minioluteum)10.6%;短毛毛壳(Chaetomium brevipilium)、尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、绿僵菌(Metarrhizium anisopliae)和苏拉耳分枝绿霉(Ramichloridium schulzeri)分离频率最低,为0.8%。从地区分布看,辽中、东陵、大洼、开原地区的玉米根际土壤中菌落数量分布较多,以辽中县分布最多,为8.3×104cuf.g-1土;而庄河地区菌落数量分布最少,为1.6×104cuf.g-1土;开原市和大洼县分离获得的真菌种类最多,均为12种,并且均以扩展青霉为优势种群;大石桥地区分离获得的真菌种类最少,为4种,并且仍以扩展青霉为最多。Sep.2010 to Nov.2010,70 soil samples had been taken from different corn fields in Liaoning Province.More than 100 strains were gotten through different cultivation and separation methods,which have been preserved in the fungal laboratory of Shenyang Agriculture University（HMSYAU）.19 Species belonging to 17 genera of soil fungi were identified,of which genus,3 species undeterminated.The results showed that the highest separation rate was that of Penicillium expansum,（28.0%）.The next was Chrysosporium sp.,（12.1%）,Penicillium minioluteum,（10.6%）;and the lowest separation rate was that of Chaetomium brevipilium,Fusarium oxysporum,Metarrhizium anisopliae and Ramichloridium schulzeri（0.8%）.Geographically,Liaozhong,Dongling,Dawa,Kaiyuan had the most quantitative distribution of fungous colony in Maize rhizosphere,in which Liaozhong had the most of 8.3×104cuf·g-1.The area of Pulandian has the least quantitative distribution of fungous colony in Maize rhizosphere,1.6×104cuf·g-1.Kaiyuan and Dawa had the most isolated fungous species（12） and the dominant specie was Penicillium expansum.The area of Dashiqiao had the least isolated fungous species（4） but the dominant specie was still Penicillium expansum.

关 键 词：辽宁 玉米田 真菌 分离 鉴定 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]