稠油加工工艺探讨  

Study on heavy oil processing

作　　者：宦建波[1] 赵予兵[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化集团洛阳石油化工工程公司,河南省洛阳市471003 [2]中国石油天然气股份有限公司炼化工程建设项目部,北京市100028

出　　处：《炼油技术与工程》2012年第3期29-32,共4页Petroleum Refinery Engineering

摘　　要：介绍了几种稠油加工工艺。利用CFB和IGCC技术加工稠油,虽然技术比较成熟,但从氢平衡和综合利用能源的角度看,并不是很合理;利用固定床加氢技术处理稠油会有反应器压力降和催化剂床层金属沉积问题;利用ROP技术处理稠油,可得到轻质组分,但加工工艺比较长,加工费用比较高;沸腾床加氢技术和悬浮床加氢裂化可得到更多的轻质组分,但催化剂和工艺技术还不是很成熟;采用延迟焦化工艺加工稠油,可得到比较多的轻质组分,高硫焦可作为CFB和IGCC原料,注入脱钙剂可缓解钙、铁造成设备结垢和后续工艺催化剂中毒问题,延迟焦化工艺是加工稠油工艺合理、简单、经济的加工工艺。Several heavy oil processing processes are described. Ahhough CFB and IGCC are the cornmercially proven processes, they are not very satisfactory processes in respect of hydrogen balance and comprehensive utilization. When the fixed-bed hydrogenation process is applied to process heavy oil, the reaction pressure drop and metal deposition in catalyst bed are the problems in operation. When ROP process is utilizedto process heavy oil, the hght oil can be produced. But the process is long and the operating cost is high. Al- though a higher yield of light oil can be obtained by boiling-bed hydrogenation process and suspended-bed hy- drocracking process, the associated catalysts and processes are not completely commercially proven. If delayed coking process is selected to process heavy oil, a greater amount of light oil can be produced. In addition, thehighsulfur coke can be used as the feed for CFB and IGCC processes, and the injection of decalcification agent can mitigate the equipment fouling and catalyst poisoning in the downstream process. Therefore, delayed coking process is an appropriate simple cost-effective process for processing heavy oil.

关 键 词：稠油 加工工艺 延迟焦化 悬浮床加氢 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]