MIT与沃里克大学：创业型大学运行模式的比较与启示  

MIT and the University of Warwick:Comparison and Inspiration of Entrepreneurial University Operation Model

作　　者：陈霞玲[1] 马陆亭[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学人文社会科学学院 [2]教育部教育发展研究中心高等教育研究室 [3]北京航空航天大学

出　　处：《高等工程教育研究》2012年第2期113-120,共8页Research in Higher Education of Engineering

摘　　要：近年来,创业型大学概念被引入我国,但对其模式含义的理解却一直存有争议。本文通过对MIT和沃里克大学这两个典型案例的对比,认为知识和研究成果的商业化是创业型大学的主要特征,但由于不同大学的研究实力、经费渠道和文化背景不同,创业实现方式也有很大的不同。MIT的创业起点是知识,沃里克大学是社会需要;MIT采用主导式的创业战略,沃里克大学采用变革式的创业战略;MIT是"自下而上"的服务型创业方式,沃里克大学是"自上而下"的公司型创业方式;MIT采用的是事业部制的组织结构,沃里克大学采用直线职能制的组织机构。从借鉴的意义看,MIT的创业模式适合于研究型大学,沃里克大学则适合于非研究型大学。对于那些有意向创业型大学迈进的我国地方高校,其运行模式应该以应用研究为起点、以本地区产业发展为服务对象,采用"自上而下"的统一创业文化,创建集学术和创业于一体的组织架构。The concept of entrepreneurial university has been introduced into China in recent years though the understanding but its operation model is quite controversial.Two typical cases of MIT and the University of Warwick have been compared in this article.It is suggested that the commercialization of knowledge and research results is the main feature of entrepreneurial university,but the implemental model of entrepreneurship is very different due to the different research strengths of two universities,funding channels and cultural backgrounds.The starting point of entrepreneurial activity of MIT is knowledge,while the University of Warwick is social command;the entrepreneurial strategy of MIT is leading style,while University of Warwick is reform style;the MIT adopts an entrepreneurial model of ＂ bottom-up ＂ service,while University of Warwick is ＂ top-down ＂ corporate model;the organizational structure of MIT is multidivisional,while Warwick is linear functional.From a perspective of reference,the entrepreneurial mode of MIT is suitable for research universities,while the entrepreneurial mode Warwick is suitable for non-research universities.The operation mode of local universities in China who are interested in striding forward entrepreneurial university should take applied research as a starting point,regional industrial development as serving target,as well as making a unity ＂ top-down ＂ entrepreneurial culture and establishing an organizational structure that can combine academic and entrepreneurial activities.

关 键 词：创业型大学 运行模式 研究实力 地方高校 

分 类 号：G648[文化科学—高等教育学]