额尔齐斯河鲤鱼寄生虫的种类组成及寄生特性  

Species Composition and Parasitic Characteristics of Parasites of Cyprinus carpioLinnaeus in Ergis River

作　　者：张晓玲[1] 焦丽[2] 郝翠兰[2] 汪博良[2] 贾舒安[2] 岳城[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学科学技术学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学动物医学学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2012年第3期576-580,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30860216);新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅科技支疆项目"新疆主要土著经济鱼类病害防治关键技术开发"(201191136)

摘　　要：【目的】调查研究额尔齐斯河(中国段)鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus)寄生虫种类组成及寄生特性。【方法】按照鱼类寄生虫的常规调查及研究方法,于2009年4月至2010年1月分四季,对额尔齐斯河111尾鲤鱼进行剖检,分析其寄生虫的种类组成及其感染情况。【结果】共检出寄生虫8种,分别为伸展指环虫(Dactylogyrus extensus)、日本真双身虫(Eudiplozoon nipponicum)、复口吸虫幼虫(Diplostomum larva sp.)、鲤蠢绦虫幼虫(Caryophyllaeus larva sp.)、线虫幼虫(Nematoda larva sp.)、泡吻棘头虫(Pomphorhynchus laevis sp.)、鳋(Ergasilidae larva sp.)、椭圆尾鲺(Argulus ellipticaudatus)。隶属于4门、6纲、8目、8科、8属。【结论】伸展指环虫在夏季、秋季、冬季三季均有感染,感染率较高,Berge-Parker优势指数在群落中最大,为鲤鱼寄生虫群落中的优势种;泡吻棘头虫集中在春、夏季感染,感染率均大于10%,在春季的感染率最高;复口吸虫幼虫和鲤蠢绦虫幼虫都仅在一季发现,感染率和感染强度相对较高;日本真双身虫、线虫幼虫、鳋、椭圆尾鲺感染率和感染强度相对较低。【Objective】The purpose of this project was to investigate and research the species composition and parasitic characteristics of parasites of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus in Ergis River,China.【Method】By the routine methods of investigation and research on fish parasites,composition and infection in four different seasons from April,2009 to January 2010,111 Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus were anatomized to have their parasites species analyzed.【Result】The result showed that 8 species of parasites were： Dactylogyrus exten,Eudiplozoon nipponicum,Diplostomum larva sp.,Caryophyllaeus larva sp.,Nematode larva sp.,Pomphorhynchus laevis sp.,Ergasilidae larva sp.,Argulus ellipticaudatus.They belong to 8 phyla,8 classes,8 orders,6 families,4 genera.【Conclusion】Dactylogyrus extensus is the dominant species because its Berger-Parker dominance index is the largest in the parasite community of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus.Moreover,it had higher infection rates and were infected in three seasons（Summer,Autumn and Winter）.Pomphorhynchus laevis was mainly infected in Sping and Summer,its infection rate is greater than 10% and Spring time was the highest infection period.Diplostomum larva and Caryophyllaeus larva were only found in one season and their infection rates and infection intensities were relatively high.The infection rates and infection intensities of Eudiplozoon nipponicum,Nematoda larva,Ergasilidae larva and Argulus ellipticaudatus were lower than others.

关 键 词：额尔齐斯河 鲤鱼 寄生虫 种类组成 寄生特性 

分 类 号：S914.5[农业科学—水产科学]