试析土耳其文官政治与军人政治的博弈--基于正义与发展党的执政实践  

Analysis of Political Game between Turkish Civil Government and Military——Based on Ruling Practice of the Justice and Development Party

作　　者：李艳枝[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学历史学院,沈阳110036

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2012年第2期98-111,共14页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：2010年教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“伊斯兰视域中的宗教对话思想研究”(10YJC730003);2009年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中东政治现代化进程研究”(2009JJD770023)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：军人在土耳其历史文化中占据重要地位,曾经通过3次军事政变推翻民选政府,并通过还政文官政府使土耳其沿着凯末尔主义的方向前进。正义与发展党上台后,尽管文官政府和军方极力维持脆弱的平衡关系,但双方在权力争夺、加入欧盟、库尔德问题、复兴伊斯兰文化等方面分歧重重,争端不断。文官政治和军人政治博弈的结果说明了土耳其的军人政治逐渐让步于文官政治,军人干政在可预见的将来很难再发生;尽管世俗主义和伊斯兰主义之间的斗争仍很激烈,但已逐渐趋于理性;正义与发展党"保守的民主"模式获得民众的普遍认可,将为中东诸国提供一种民主发展的范式。Military has played an important role in the history of Turkey. In the past several decades, Turkish military has overthrown civil elected governments three times, but it has restored civil governments in order to make Turkey move in the direction of Kemalism. Since the Justice and Development Party came to power, though, as far as possible a delicate balance has been kept between the civil govern- ment and military, the two sides have many differences and disputes about control- ling power, joining the EU, solving Kurdish problem, reviving Islamic culture and so on. The game result between civil government and military suggests that Turkish military politics has gradually given way to civil polity, and military coups will be very difficult to happen again in the foreseeable future. Though the fierce struggle still exists between secularists and Islamists, it has gradually become more and more ra- tional. The ＂Conservative Democracy＂ pattern advocated by the Justice and Development Party has obtained widespread recognition, and will provide a development paradigm for countries in the Middle East.

关 键 词：土耳其政治 正义与发展党 文官政府 “保守的民主” 

分 类 号：E374[军事—军事理论] D737.4[政治法律—政治学]