哲人科学家眼中的科学理论的认知结构  

Cognitive Structure of Scientific Theory in the Scientist-Philosopher's Eyes

作　　者：李醒民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院<自然辩证法通讯>杂志社,北京100049

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2012年第2期1-6,125,共6页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：本文在澄清"科学理论的认知结构"一语含义的基础上,讨论了哲人科学家眼中的科学理论的两种认知结构——经验归纳认知结构和假设演绎认知结构,着重论述了对后者中的基本假设的认知问题。On the basis of clarifying the meanings of 'cognitive structure of scientific theory',this paper discusses two kinds ofcognitive structures in the scientist-philosopher's eyes,namely cognitive structure of empirio-induction and cognitive structure ofhypothesis-deduction,and concentrates on the cognition of basic hypotheses in the latter.Based on a historical analysis of thethoughts of the scientist-philosopher,such as E.Mach,J.H.Poincar?P.Duhem,F.W.Ostwald,K.Pearson,and A.Einstein,thepaper shows that scientists usually commit,consciously or unconsciously,a few fundamental hypotheses or even some metaphysicalclaims in their actual theory-building,and that such a kind of hypotheses have a central role in the cognitive structure of scientifictheories and function as presumptive scientific beliefs and/or as a scientific tradition.

关 键 词：哲人科学家 批判学派 爱因斯坦 经验归纳认知结构 假设演绎认知结构 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]