以实践为中心的两个科学抽象理论  

Two Theories of Scientific Abstraction Centered on Practices

作　　者：黄翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2012年第2期7-11,17,共6页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(11BZX022);上海市浦江人才计划

摘　　要：本文分析最近卡特莱特和瑞德分别提出的两个科学抽象理论。论证两个理论的分歧来自于他们对抽象在认识论和方法论上的不同理解。这种分歧曾经十分清晰地表现在惠威尔和密尔的争论中。对这些问题的探求和解决不仅要求我们抛弃传统科学哲学中的关于抽象的观念,还要求将我们的出发点从理论转向实践。The author analyzes two contemporary theories of abstraction桸ancy Cartwright's and Hans Radder's,showing thatthe divergence between them is due to their different understandings of the epistemic and methodological aspects of scientificabstraction.This divergence was anticipated by the controversy between William Whewell and John Stuart Mill.Our examination ofboth debates implies that the traditional notion of scientific abstraction should be questioned,and an adequate notion requires aphilosophy of science centered on practices instead of theories.

关 键 词：抽象 科学概念 科学实践 惠威尔/密尔之争 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]