一种快速的光伏最大功率点跟踪方法  

A fast method of maximum power point tracking for PV

作　　者：高志强[1] 王建赜[1] 纪延超[1] 谭光慧[1] 张举良 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学电气工程及其自动化学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]许继电气,河南许昌461000

出　　处：《电力系统保护与控制》2012年第8期105-109,共5页Power System Protection and Control

基　　金：黑龙江省科技厅科研项目(01314025)

摘　　要：太阳能电池的输出功率受外界温度、光照强度和负载影响具有特殊的非线性。为了使输出功率始终工作在最大点处从而提高系统的整体效率,最大功率点跟踪在光伏系统中有很重要的意义。通过理论仿真分析,在温度不变的情况下,太阳能电池的输出电压变化不大,随着光照强度的变化最大功率点近似在一条直线上,和输出电流成线性关系。所采用新颖最大功率点跟踪方法是根据估算的最大功率点和输出电流成线性关系把P-I输出曲线划分成两个独立区域,在区域Ⅰ和区域Ⅱ分别采用变步长的观测比较法和变斜率的观测比较法快速调节输出电流使其接近或者等于最大功率点电流,达到快速跟踪最大功率点的目的。通过Matlab/Simulink软件仿真结果表明此种方法与扰动观测控制相比较,不仅能保证快速的跟踪光伏模块最大输出功率点,而且不会引起在最大功率点附近频繁波动,最后通过实验加以验证。In order to ensure that the PV module always works at the maximum point of power to increase the system＇s overall efficiency, maximum power point tracking is crucial, since the output power of solar panels is influenced by special nonlinear conditions, such as outside temperature, light intensity and impact of load. This paper presents a novel photovoltaic maximum power point tracking method. The theoretical simulation shows that while the temperature is constant, the output voltage changes little, and with the change of the light intensity, the maximum power point approximates into a straight line, namely the maximum power point and the corresponding output current have a linear relationship. The proposed maximum power point tracking method is based on the maximum power point estimated and the corresponding linear output current curve, dividing the P-I output curve into two regions, and adjusting the output current through different control criteria in different regions, so as to reach its maximum power current rapidly, which achieves maximum power point tracking purposes. The simulation results carried out by Matlab/Simulink show that this method is different from the previous disturbance observer control strategy, which not only can ensure the fast maximum power point tracking of PV module, but also will not lead to the frequent fluctuations at the vicinity of the maximum power point. Finally, it is verified by tests.

关 键 词：光伏 最大功率点跟踪 太阳能 电流控制 

分 类 号：TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]