北京奥林匹克森林公园典型下垫面入渗特性  

Soil infiltration characteristics of typical underlying surfaces in the Olympic Forest Park,Beijing

作　　者：张晓凤[1] 张旭[1] 蒋晶[1] 李广贺[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第2期223-228,共6页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC22B02)

摘　　要：为了研究人工生态系统不同下垫面的土壤水分入渗特性,利用双环入渗仪对北京奥林匹克森林公园3种典型下垫面的土壤水分入渗过程进行原位测定,采用多个入渗模型对入渗特征曲线进行拟合,并对入渗影响因素进行析因分析。结果表明:原状林地的初始入渗率和稳定入渗率最大、入渗率衰减最快、累积入渗量也最大,人工草皮次之,而人工林地最小。由于受土壤各向异性和大孔隙流的影响,入渗模型都偏于低估入渗率,但对稳定入渗率的预测具有较好的一致性。不同下垫面的土壤水分入渗过程的差异极为显著。灌溉管理是影响初始入渗率和入渗衰减率的主要因素;土壤熟化程度是影响初期入渗能力和稳定入渗率的主要因素;而植被类型对入渗过程的影响不显著。Soil infiltration is an important hydrological process that influences runoff and soil erosion patterns in artificial ecosystems.This study focused on the soil infiltration characteristics of three typical underlying surfaces in the Beijing Olympic Forest Park.Results from double-ring infiltrometer tests showed that the initial infiltration rate,the steady infiltration rate and the cumulative infiltration were the largest and decayed the fastest in the undisturbed woodland,followed by the artificial grassland and the artificial woodland.Owing to the vertical heterogeneity of the soil matrix and the preferential flow,all the investigated infiltration models tended to underestimate the infiltration rates,but could accurately predict the simulated steady infiltration rates.The three underlying surfaces exhibited significantly different soil water infiltration characteristics.Irrigation had the largest impact on the initial infiltration rate and the infiltration decay rate.The degree of soil maturation greatly impacted the infiltration capacity and the steady infiltration rate.Vegetation had little influence on the infiltration.

关 键 词：土壤水分 下垫面 入渗模型 析因分析 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]