麦秸直接还田对作物产量及培肥土壤效应分析  

Study on the Effects of Returning Wheat Straws to Fields Directly on Raising the Yield of Crops and Fertilizing Soil

作　　者：常介田[1] 张翠翠[1] 孟祥远[2] 刘伟 

机构地区：[1]河南农业职业学院,郑州451450 [2]河南农业大学资源环境学院,郑州450002 [3]河南省民权县农业局,河南民权476800

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第8期213-216,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河南省农业产业技术体系(Z2010-03-04)

摘　　要：为了进一步研究麦秸直接还田对作物产量的影响及培肥土壤效应,寻求适合本区特点的培肥增产模式,进行单施化肥、麦秸还田不施化肥和麦秸还田加施一定量化肥与对照(无麦秸还田、不施肥)进行对比试验。结果表明:麦秸直接还田对后茬作物产量增产效果显著(P<0.05),麦秸还田加施化肥比单一进行麦秸还田对后茬作物产量增产效果极显著(P<0.01),施化肥配施麦秸还田比单施化肥对后茬作物产量增产效果也显著(P<0.05);麦秸直接还田对土壤有机质、全氮、全磷及土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾有不同程度地增加。同时,麦秸直接还田有利于降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度和透水速率,提高土壤微生物和土壤酶活性。麦秸还田加施一定量化肥应大力推广。To further study the effects of returning wheat straws to fields directly on raising the yield of crops and fertilizing soil,and to find out farming methods which are suitable to this area and that can raise the yield of crops and improve soil fertility,a comparative test was conducted by fertilizing only,returning wheat straws to fields without fertilizing,and returning wheat straws to fields plus applying a certain quantity of fertilizer.The results showed that returning wheat straws to fields directly could raise the yields of succession crops significantly;returning wheat straws to fields directly plus fertilizing could raise the yields of succession crops more significantly than just returning wheat straws to fields and than just fertilizing;moreover,returning wheat straws to fields directly could increase organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,soil nitrogen,and rapidly available phosphorus and potassium of soil in various degrees;meanwhile,it could help reduced soil bulk density,increased soil porosity and permeability rates,and improved soil microbial and soil enzyme activity.Returning wheat straw to crop fields directly plus fertilizing should be popularized and it has far-reaching effects.

关 键 词：小麦秸杆 还田 作物产量 培肥土壤 效应 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]