水价提升是有效的政策工具吗?  

Is the Increase in the Water Price an Effective Policy Instrument?

作　　者：郑新业[1] 李芳华[1] 李夕璐[1] 郭琎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院

出　　处：《管理世界》2012年第4期47-59,69,共14页Journal of Management World

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果(项目批准号:11XNL009)

摘　　要：基于2008年地级市的数据,利用联立方程处理内生性问题,我们估计了中国城市居民生活用水需求的收入和价格弹性,并讨论了这些发现的政策含义。研究发现,水需求的收入弹性为1.31,价格弹性为-2.43。这表明,随着收入增加,居民对水的需求会以更大的幅度增加;城镇居民的水需求对价格变化较为敏感,提价因而成为一个潜在的政策工具。在进一步分析提价对低收入者的冲击,以及对自备井供水的影响之后,我们认为,若能有效控制自备井的使用,并采取以较低收入者用水量为高水价起征点的阶梯水价,水价提升将会有助于解决城市供水的需求缺口。Based on the prefecture-level city data,we have used simultaneous equations approach to attack the intrinsic Problem.We have estimated both the elasticity of the income from the demand,of China's citizens,for domestic water,and the elasticity of the price,and discussed the significance thereof in policy.By our study,we have discovered that the price elasticity is 1.31,and that the price elasticity is-2.43.This indicates that,with the increase in income,the residents' demand for water will increase more greatly,that the increase in price has become a latent policy instrument because the demand of citizens for water is relatively sensitive to the change in price.After further analyzing both he shock of increasing the price to residents with low income and the impact on supplying water from private wells,we have thought that,if the use of private wells can be controlled effectively,and if the increase,like a ladder,of the water price,in which the amount of water used by residents with relatively low income is taken as the starting point,in levy,of high price of water,the advance in the water price will help close the gap,that is,satisfying in cities the emand for supplying water.

关 键 词：收入弹性 价格弹性 自备井 阶梯水价 

分 类 号：F299.24[经济管理—国民经济] F224