川南坡地不同退耕模式土壤及枯落物持水特性  

Water-holding Characteristics of Soil and Litter in Several Slope Farmlands with Different De-farming Patterns in Southern Sichuan Province of China

作　　者：王景燕[1] 胡庭兴[1] 龚伟[1] 宫渊波[1] 罗承德[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林业生态工程省级重点实验室,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2012年第1期24-29,共6页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省教育厅项目(08ZB038;09ZB053);四川农业大学"211"工程创新团队项目资助

摘　　要：采用浸泡法对川南坡地退耕成慈竹林、杂交竹林、桤木+慈竹混交林和弃耕地5年后土壤和枯落物持水特性进行了研究。结果表明:坡地退耕后土壤自然含水量(t/hm2)、毛管持水量(t/hm2)和最小持水量(t/hm2)增加,并呈现出慈竹林>杂交竹林>桤木+慈竹混交林>弃耕地>农耕地的变化规律;4种退耕模式枯落物蓄积量(t/hm2)、自然持水量(t/hm2)、最大持水量(t/hm2)、最大拦蓄量(t/hm2)和有效拦蓄量(t/hm2)呈现出慈竹林>杂交竹林>桤木+慈竹混交林>弃耕地的变化规律。枯落物持水量(g/kg)与浸泡时间的关系为Q=alnt+b,吸水速率(g/(kg.h))与浸泡时间关系为V=ktn;在枯落物持水过程中,前2h内枯落物持水作用较强。因此,林下枯落物在降雨过程前期2h对降雨的吸持具有更重要的作用和意义;慈竹林能较好地提高坡地退耕后土壤和枯落物水文生态功能。The water-holding capacity of soil and litter was studied by the soaking method in slope farmlands in Southern Sichuan of China.Five slope farmlands with different de-farming patterns were selected,including Neosinocalamus affinis plantation（NAP）,Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis oldhami plantation（BDP）,Alnus crenastogyne ＋ Neosinocalamus affinis plantation（ANP）,abandoned farmland（AFL）,and CK.The results showed that,the soil natural water content,capillary water-holding capacity and field water-holding capacity were increased,and followed the order of NAPBDPANPAFLCK after 5 years＇ de-farming.The litter stock,natural water content,maximum water-holding capacity,maximum interception and modified interception in the four de-farming patterns were also increased and followed the order of NAPBDPANPAFL.According to the regression,litter water-holding capacity and immerse time showed the relationship of Q=alnt＋b,and the relationship is V=ktn between the litter water absorption speed and immerse time.High water-holding capacity and rapid absorption speed were observed at the first 2 h during the process of litter water-holding.Therefore,the results suggested that the first 2 h during rainfall was important to litter water-holding,and the NAP could better enhance the eco-hydrological functions of soil and litter compared with other de-farming patterns.

关 键 词：退耕模式 植被恢复 水源涵养 持水特性 

分 类 号：S152.71[农业科学—土壤学] S714.7[农业科学—农业基础科学]