棉花开心株型增产机理分析  

The analysis of increase yield mechanism of top removal culture of cotton

作　　者：刘永平[1] 李洪芹[1] 刘金华 

机构地区：[1]河北省沧州市农林科学院,河北沧州061001 [2]河北省南皮县农业局,河北南皮062250

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2000年第1期9-12,15,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家黄淮海"八五"农业科技攻关!的部分研究内容 (85 - 0 0 6 - 0 1 )

摘　　要：以棉花常规整枝株型为对照 ,对开心株型成铃规律、叶面积扩展进程、干物质积累量及根系发育状况进行分析。结果表明 :开心株型单株成铃高峰与铃重高峰相吻合 ,主茎果枝结铃高峰处在 7月 2 0 - 2 5日 ,4个叶枝结铃高峰集中在 8月 1 0 - 1 5日 ,单株平均铃重比常规株型提高 1 1 .4% ,单株结铃多 2 4.6 % ,8月 1 5日前开花成铃占 88% ;与对照田相比 ,开心株型棉田光强分布株间提高 2 1 .4% ,行间提高 38% ,单株功能叶片 75片 ,群体有效叶片增加 30 % ,叶面积系数最大值 3.5 2的日期 ,正值叶枝结铃高峰 ,源库关系协调 ,光合效率提高 2 9.1 % ;干物质生产量 1 2 6 2 7.0～ 1 4 76 1 .5kg·hm-2 ,为常规株型的 6 .9%～ 2 0 .1 % ,生殖体干物重增加 30 .9%～ 37.0 % ;根系伤流量为常规株型的 1 .5 0倍 ,根干重为常规株型的 1 .39倍。开心株型发挥叶枝成铃主导作用 。The report has studied the growth law of boll, development of leaf area, growth situation of roots and the dry matter collection of top removal cotton plant. The result is that: Top removal cottons have made the boll forming summit the same to the boll weight summit. The boll forming summit of main stalk is among 20 and 25 July and that of the four leafy shoots is among 10 and 15 August. The average rate of increased boll weight of per plant is 11.4% than conventional cotton plant and the boll forming is increased by 24.6%. The rate of quality bolls flowering before 15 August is 88%. Compared with CK, the distribution of light intensity in cotton field increased by 21.4% in row middle and 38% in plant middle. The number of available leaf blades is 75 per plant. The rate of available leaf blades is increased by 30%. The time when the biggest leaf area index is 3.25 is the summit of boll forming. The relation of source and warehouse is coordination, and photosynthetic efficiency is increased by 29.1%. The yield of dry matter of top removal cotton is 12 627.0 ～ 14 761.5 kg·hm -2 ,and the increased rate is 6.9%～20.1% compared with that of CK. The increased rate of dry matter weight of reproductive organ is 30.9%～37.0%. The roots bleeding sap of top removal cotton is 1.50 times more than that of CK, and the dry matter weight of roots is 1.39 times more than that of CK. Top removal cottons give full play to the function of boll forming in leaf branch and give a good way of high yield of culturing cotton.

关 键 词：开心株型 成铃分布 光合系统 棉花 产量 

分 类 号：S562.01[农业科学—作物学] S562.05