近距离房柱采空区下长壁采场顶板垮落特征研究  

Study of Caving and Fracturing over A Longwall Panel Beneath A Goaf Mined by Room and Pillar

作　　者：杨真[1] 童兵[1] 黄成成[1] 王刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2012年第2期157-161,共5页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51004102;51174193);中国矿业大学青年基金项目(2009A002)

摘　　要：为了研究近距离房柱采空区下长壁采场覆岩随时间变化的渐进破断过程和采动裂隙的发展演化规律,以唐山沟煤矿某工作面为工程试验背景,采用物理相似模拟、顶板下沉梯度分析和图像增强算法方法研究了11-2煤房柱式开采后下部近距离的12煤长壁采场顶板岩层破断垮落及裂隙扩展情况。通过实验观察,并从能量释放的角度对岩层运移变化进行分析,结果表明:在近距离房柱采空区下,采用长壁回采工艺时,上部煤柱随时间变化产生破裂失稳,上覆岩层的能量以周期性的方式积累和释放,同时,每隔一个大的周期,有较大能量的突然释放。在此过程中,长壁采场顶板裂隙发育明显,裂隙扩展迅速,裂隙易与上部房柱采空区煤房导通,加速煤柱失效,并形成导水通道。In order to research the process of roof caving and fracturing over a longwall panel which is beneath a goaf mined by room and pillar method,physical analog simulation has been built up in con-dition of geological situation of Tangshangou coal mine.In this physical model,the subsidence velocities of roof and strata fracturing have been obtained.After the subsidence velocities have been differenti-ated,we got the acceleration of subsidence in such kind of geological and mining condition.The data shows that the overburden released energy with a short step periodically.By the way,the larger energy released after a several short step.During this process the strata began to fracture,and especially,the pillar collapsed quickly in a goaf mined by room and pillar method.The caving process started from pillar and roof to the surface quickly.The fracturing speed of strata is quicker than one in a virgin overburden.

关 键 词：相似模拟 房柱采空区 顶板垮落 顶板位移变化率 采动裂隙 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]