中国原始品种遗传资源与水稻生产的实证研究——基于实质性派生品种制度视角  

Genetic Resources of China’s Original Varieties and Rice Production: Based on the Perspective of Essentially Derived Variety System

作　　者：唐力[1] 陈超[1] 庄道元[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,南京210095 [2]淮北师范大学,淮北235000

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第4期740-748,共9页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目:"派生品种对我国育种创新和农民行为的影响及作用机制研究"(编号:70973054);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(编号:10YJC79041);南京农业大学经济管理学院资助项目(编号:G201005)

摘　　要：我国植物新品种保护制度关于实质性派生品种的规定成为焦点问题。本文基于1999年-2009年中国21个水稻主产区省际面板数据,研究派生品种豁免制度下原始品种对水稻遗传贡献的时空变化,并运用扩展C-D生产函数模型分析原始品种遗传资源对中国水稻生产的经济影响。实证结果表明,1999年-2009年中国原始品种遗传资源对水稻生产平均遗传贡献仅达0.25,原始品种遗传单一性并未呈逐渐增强趋势,并且原始品种遗传资源对水稻改良的遗传贡献每增加1%,水稻单产将提高1.6%。因此重视原始创新的创造与有效运用,有利于提升农业技术效率与农业生产水平。在育种角色分配上,公共部门应着重承担基础研究类原始创新活动,在应用基础类原始创新发展策略上,政府应支持有益于新品种不同生产特性改良的育种研究与保护政策,提高创新效率。In China’s plant variety protection system, the regulation on essentially derived variety has become a focus and its impacts on agricultural production need in-depth study. The focus of this article is that whether the improvement and utilization of original variety genetic resources can cause genetic unicity problem. It has studied the temporal and spatial variation of the contribution of original variety to the heredity of rice under the derived variety exemption system based on the provincial panel data of 21 main rice production areas in China during 1999-2009 and has analyzed the economic impacts of original variety genetic resources on rice production in China with C-D production function model. The conclusions are as follows： the mean of original resources genetic contribution to rice production in 1999-2009 was only 0.25, and the genetic unicity caused by original variety did not show increasing trend. The main objective of Chinese plant variety protection system is to enhance the enthusiasm for innovation. The restriction of original variety in the UPOV1991 text will increase the overall cost and uncertainty of innovation and is not conducive to improving the breeding efficiency. In addition, every 1% increase of original variety genetic resources contribution will result in 1.6% growth of the rice yield. Joining UPOV1991 text will be limited to innovations technology diffusion and increase the cost of innovative applications and may slow down the process of agricultural production. Therefore, attaching great importance to the creation and effective utilization of original innovation will help improving the agricultural technology efficiency and the production level. Moreover, the public research department should undertake basic research activities of original innovation in breeding role assignment; in the application of original innovation development strategy, the government should support the breeding research and establish the relevant protection policy.

关 键 词：实质性派生品种 原始品种 遗传资源 遗传贡献 水稻单产 中国 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]