秸秆覆盖量对土壤水分利用及春玉米产量的影响  

Effects of straw mulching quantity on soil water use and spring maize yield

作　　者：高飞[1,2] 贾志宽[1,2] 韩清芳[1,2] 李永平[3] 杨宝平[1,2] 侯贤清[1,2] 路文涛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部旱地作物生产与生态重点开放实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]固原市农业科学研究所,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2012年第1期104-112,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划旱农课题(2006BAD29B03);节水共性技术研究(2007BAD88B10)

摘　　要：为了探明半干旱区秸秆覆盖栽培中适宜的秸秆覆盖量,在宁南旱区进行了春玉米栽培试验。试验设1.35、0.9、0.45和0万kg/hm24个覆盖量处理,分析了不同覆盖量对土壤水分、玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,4年玉米生育期覆盖量从高到低0～200 cm土层平均土壤贮水量分别较CK(无覆盖)高15.47、10.79 mm和6.26 mm(P<0.05)。试验期间,2009年玉米生育期降雨量最低(为266.1 mm),各处理依次较CK增产13.10%、17.37%和5.40%(P<0.05);2010年玉米生育期降雨量最高(为433.6 mm),各处理依次较CK增产3.91%、7.58%(P<0.05)和1.70%。0.9～1.35万kg/hm2覆盖量增产效果明显,4年平均比CK增产14.23%～12.03%,水分利用效率提高了10.64%～8.87%。宁南旱区,0.9万kg/hm2秸秆覆盖量能更好地蓄水保墒,促进农田土壤水分良性循环,且对提高玉米产量和水分利用效率有显著效果。In order to determine the appropriate straw mulching quantity in semiarid areas, a cultivation experiment of spring maize with straw mulching was conducted in the semiarid area of Ningxia. Four different treatments of straw mulching quantities （0 kg/hm2, 4 500 kg/hm2, 9 000 kg/hm2 and 13 500 kg/hm2） were adopted in field experiment, and an analysis of soil water, spring maize yield and water use efficiency （WUE） was made. In the maize growth period of 4-year experiment, compared with CK （no coverage）, average soil water storage amount in 0 - 200 cm soil layers un- der all straw mulching treatments （follow the amount of straw mulching from high to low） increased by 15.47 mm, 10.79 mm and 6.26 mm （ P 〈 0.05） respectively. During the experiment, the lowest precipitation of growth period was in 2009 （266.1 mm）, when maize production increased by 13.10%, 17.37% and 5.40% （ P 〈 0.05） respectively; and the highest precipitation of growth period was in 2010 （455.6 mm）, when maize production increased by 3.91 %, 7.58 % （ P 〈 0.05） and 1.70% respectively. The treatments of 9 000 - 13 500 kg/hm2 had distinct yield-increasing effect, and the average yield of 4 years increased by 14.25% - 12.03% and water use efficiency increased by 10.64% - 8.87%. In the semiarid area of southern Ningxia, the use of straw mulching amount of 9 000 kg/hm2 could play an active role in the preservation of soil moisture, promote a virtuous cycle of soil moisture, and increase maize yield and maize water use efficiency significantly.

关 键 词：宁南旱区 秸秆覆盖量 土壤水分 产量 春玉米 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]