苹果绵蚜在渭北生态条件下的越冬状况研究  

Over-winter Situation of Wooly Aphis(Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann) in Weibei Ecological Conditions

作　　者：姜超[1] 李鑫[1] 张金钰[1] 薛振国[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,应用昆虫学重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2012年第1期180-183,206,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省农业攻关项目(2008K01-04);世界银行资助项目(Y/SHYL/XY/050)

摘　　要：为更好地在渭北生态区进行苹果绵蚜防控工作,于2009年秋至2010年春开展其越冬状况调查。在试验园内选取苹果绵蚜发生较重的果树,定株调查,10d调查1次,分别观察记录取样部位、各虫龄虫量、被寄生数量。结果表明,苹果绵蚜在渭北地区11月中旬进入越冬,次年3月中旬开始迁移活动,主要集中在根部越冬,树干略次之,枝条处最少。苹果绵蚜以2龄若虫越冬为主,平均比例达65%左右;1龄和3龄若虫所占比例较少,各约占13%和17%;4龄若虫极少,只占4%左右;成虫不能越冬。对管理状况不同果园,越冬虫口基数没有明显差异,树干处越冬虫较易被寄生蜂寄生,枝条次之,根部最低。标准化管理果园苹果绵蚜被日光蜂寄生的寄生率高于普通管理果园30%左右,被寄生率达75%以上。可见,加强果园标准化管理有利于利用天敌防控苹果绵蚜。In order to perish and control wooly aphis（Eriosoma lanigerum） in Weibei ecotope,over-winter investigation is essential.The infected trees were selected for pointing investigation in the autumn.Sampling sites,the amount of each instar insects and parasitized number were recorded per 10 days.The results showed that over-winter of wooly aphis began at mid November and ended at mid March.The aphis mainly concentrated in the roots,then in the trunks,the minimum in branches.The overwintered wooly aphis were 2nd instar（65%）.1st instar（13%）,3rd instar（17%） and 4th instar（4%）,but without adults.In different management orchards,the over-winter population base had no significant difference,trunk was very parasitized easily,then the branches,and root branches at relatively low parasitic rate.The parasitic rate of overwintering wooly aphis in standardized management orchard was above 75%,and 30% higher than in normal management orchard.So improvement of orchard standardization showed favor for the control of its natural enemies.

关 键 词：苹果绵蚜 越冬 渭北 寄生率 标准化 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]