西藏牦牛裘皮制作工艺中组织结构变化研究  

Histological Structure of Tibetan Yak Hides during Fur Process

作　　者：左秋[1] 陈武勇[1] 张涛[1] 陈小云 马成义 肖烈忠 

机构地区：[1]四川大学制革清洁技术国家工程实验室,四川成都610065 [2]西藏自治区拉萨皮革厂,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《中国皮革》2012年第7期13-18,共6页China Leather

基　　金：科技型中小企业技术创新项目(08C26215402358);四川省国际合作项目(2009HH0004);科技部国际合作项目(2009DFA42850)

摘　　要：通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和X-射线衍射仪相结合的方法,对西藏牦牛皮在裘皮制作工艺中的组织学变化进行研究。重点分析酸膨胀、浸酸和酶软化工序对牦牛皮和毛组织结构的影响作用。试验结果表明:在裘皮制作工艺中,加入酸膨胀工序有利于分散胶原纤维,同时有助于对皮板的片皮处理,以达到对皮板厚度与柔软度的可控性;软化工序对弹性纤维的去除不明显;过酸条件会破坏牦牛毛组织。根据以上组织学研究结果建议在裘皮加工过程中,采用以下措施:第一,在牦牛裘皮工艺中加入酸膨胀工序,在牦牛皮酸膨胀后进行片皮处理,片层厚度不得超过总皮厚的三分之一;第二,在牦牛裘皮生产工艺中省去酶软化工序。The histological structure of yak hides was studied during the fur process. The fatty tissue, elastic fibers, collagen fibers of the yak hides was observed by an optical microscope. And the fine structures of yak hide and yak hairs were observed by an atomic force microscope （AFM） and a X -ray diffraction（XRD）. Results show that： The acid swelling is good for the spread of collagen fibers. The bating is not good for the removal the elastic fibers. The low pH might damage the structure of collagen fi- bers and the hair. According the results, some measures are suggested： thickness of the yark hides could be adjusted through a proper acid swelling, but it should not exceed 1/3 of the thickest; the bating process should be cancelled in the process.

关 键 词：裘皮 牦牛 组织学 原子力显微镜 X射线衍射仪 

分 类 号：TS55[轻工技术与工程—皮革化学与工程]