机插粳稻氮磷钾吸收分配特征  

Characteristics of Uptake of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,and Potassium and Parti-tioning in Mechanical Transplanting Japonica Rice

作　　者：于林惠[1,2] 李刚华[1] 徐晶晶[1] 杨娟娟[1] 王绍华[1] 刘正辉[1] 王强盛[1] 凌启鸿[1] 丁艳锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学/农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省农业机械管理局,江苏南京210024

出　　处：《作物学报》2012年第4期707-716,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家星火计划项目(2010GA690010);江苏农业自主创新项目(CX11;2011);引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)重点项目(2011-G18)资助

摘　　要：调查研究2008—2009年江苏武进区漕桥(品种为武香粳9号)和前黄(品种为武运粳7号)等2个大于6.7hm2机插粳稻高产示范方,探讨机插粳稻养分吸收分配特征,并对高产精确定量施肥参数进行定量。结果表明,高产机插粳稻产量的80%左右来自抽穗后的光合产物;抽穗后叶片的干物质积累呈表观输出,而茎鞘的干物质积累呈表观输入;抽穗后氮素的转运贡献率也主要来自叶片。机插粳稻对氮的吸收量随产量升高而增加,增加量主要来自抽穗后;随着产量提高,抽穗至成熟期氮积累量和积累比例均上升,对磷钾的吸收量上升但吸收比例却有下降的趋势;成熟期氮收获指数在0.51～0.61之间,磷收获指数在0.75左右,钾收获指数接近0.20;高产机插粳稻百千克籽粒需氮量为2.0～2.1kg,氮磷钾吸收比例为2.0∶0.9∶1.4。From 2008 to 2009, two more than 6.7 ha high-yield demonstration fields at Caoqiao （using cv. Wuxiangjing 9） and Qianhuang （using cv. Wuyunjing 7） in WujJ[n County, Jiangsu province, were used to investigate the nutrient uptake and parti- tionging characteristics of mechanical transplanting rice. The results showed that 80% of grain yield of mechanical transplanting rice came from the dry matter accumulation after heading, dry weight decreased in leaves while increased in stem sheath after heading. Leaves were also the main contribator of nitrogen translocation. Nitrogen uptake of mechanical transplanting rice in- creased with the yield, and the increased nitrogen uptake mainly originated from the nitrogen accumulation after heading. With the increasing yield, the accumulation and proportion of nitrogen from heading to maturity increased. At the same time, the uptake of P205 and K20 increased while the dry weighL accumulation ratio reduced. The nitrogen harvest index was between 0.51 and 0.61, the P205 harvest index was about 0.75, and the K20 harvest index was close to 0.20. For achieving high yield in mechanical transplanting rice, nitrogen requirement for 100 kg grains should be 2.0-2.1 kg, and the optimum ratio of NPK should be 2.0 ： 0.9 1.4.

关 键 词：粳稻 机插 氮磷钾 精确施肥 参数 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]