近代中国炼锑技术的变迁(1896～1949年)  

Changes in Antimony Smelting Technology in Modern China from 1896～1949

作　　者：傅建球[1] 潜伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南工程学院经济学院,湖南湘潭411104 [2]北京科技大学科学技术与文明研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2012年第1期67-79,共13页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

摘　　要：近代中国炼锑技术的发展经历了生锑冶炼(1896～1907年)、西法锑氧-纯锑冶炼(1908～1918年)以及土法锑氧-纯锑(1919～1949年)三个阶段。生锑冶炼采用坩埚熔析法,西法锑氧-纯锑技术采用在制炼锑氧的基础上制炼纯锑的间接法纯锑生产工艺,土法锑氧-纯锑技术本质上是对西法锑氧-纯锑技术的模仿和本土化改造。炼锑技术的变迁表明,促进炼锑技术演变的直接因素是技术的适用性与技术主体的技术能力之间的相互作用,那种以技术退步为代价的技术土法化往往会损害技术和产业的发展。There are three phases in the changes in antimony smelting in modern China, from crude antimony smelting （1896~1907）, to the Western method of ＂antimony-oxide to metallic antimony＂ （1908~1918）, to the indigenization of the process of ＂antimony-oxide to metallic antimony＂ （1919~1949）. The smelting technology for crude antimony involves crucible liquation. The modern method of ＂antimony-oxide to metallic antimony＂ involves first the production of antimony-oxide, and then metallic antimony. The indigenized method is in essence the imitation and localization of the modern method. These changes indicate that the direct factor in promoting its development is the interaction between the applicability of the technology and the capability of the users of the technology. However, the indigenization of technology at the cost of technological degeneration will always damage the technology and development of an industry.

关 键 词：锑冶金 技术史 炼锑炉 土法化 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]