黑龙江省1980—2005年森林火灾时空特征  

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Forest Fires in Heilongjiang Province between 1980 and 2005

作　　者：张冬有[1,2] 邓欧[2,3] 李亦秋[2,3] 李桂君[2] 冯仲科[2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室哈尔滨师范大学,哈尔滨150025 [2]北京林业大学测绘与3S技术中心,北京100083 [3]绵阳师范学院资源环境工程学院,绵阳621000

出　　处：《林业科学》2012年第2期175-179,共5页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30872038);北京市自然科学基金项目(4091002);哈尔滨师范大学青年学术骨干资助计划项目(KGB200917)

摘　　要：森林火灾是林火失去人为控制,在森林内自然蔓延和扩展,对生态系统和人类带来一定危害和损失的森林起火。森林火灾属世界性、跨国性的重大自然灾害,进入20世纪80—90年代以来,全球气候变暖导致森林火灾有上升的趋势,虽然各国的森林防火费用不断增加,但森林火灾发生的面积并未相应地减少。特别是90年代后期，火灾毁灭了数百万公顷的热带森林，严重破坏了全球的生态平衡。Information on spatial and temporal patterns of forest fires contributes to effective fire management.Based on data of the forest fires occurred in Heilongjiang Province from 1980 to 2005,the spatial and temporal distribution of forest fires was studied by using of statistical analysis and spatial analysis method.The results indicated that forest fires fluctuated obviously year to year.The burned area was somewhat correlated with the total number of fires.The number of spring fires and the burned area contributed 72.52% and 84.39% to the total fires and area,respectively.The number of summer fires and the burned area were relatively less and smaller.Fall had a short fire season.Heihe city had the greatest number of forest fires and the Daxing＇an Mountains region had the largest burned area in the 13 administrative regions studied.The Daxing＇an Mountains had the highest fire frequency and the largest burned area over the 5 landscape areas,and its fire burned area accounted for 89.42% of the total.The fire frequency showed a reducing trend with altitude rise in the mountainous areas.The forest fire occurrence and the spatial and temporal variation are useful information for classing the forest fire danger rank and forecasting forest fires,and the information would have important theoretical and practical significance for efficient management in forest fire fighting and prevention.

关 键 词：森林火灾 黑龙江省 时空特征 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]