赛黑桦的构造特征和物理力学性质  

Structural Features and Properties of Betula schmidtii Entitled as Rigidy and Heavy Wood

作　　者：孙耀星[1] 戚继忠[2] 杨庚[1] 庞久寅[1] 杜凤国[2] 

机构地区：[1]北华大学木质材料科学与工程吉林省重点实验室,吉林132013 [2]北华大学林业与主志环境省重点实验室

出　　处：《林业科学》2012年第2期180-186,共7页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20070704);国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201004095);吉林省教育厅项目(2012-160)

摘　　要：赛黑桦（Betula schmidtii）,又称辽东桦,散孔材;木质厚重、坚硬,传统上用来制作车轴、木锤、擀面杖、算盘珠等（戚继忠等,2009;Akcehob et al.,2006）,主要生长在我国东北东部与朝鲜接壤地区,与该地区相邻的朝鲜南部和俄罗斯南部海滨一带（锡霍特山脉南端）亦有分布,成年立木高约20m,树干直径约70cm,寿命约300-350年（Nechaeva,1972;RedBookoftheUSSR，1984；Korkishko，1992）。The observation and analysis have been operated about the structural features of Betula schmidtii by those instruments biomicroscope and ESEM.Result showed that iron birch belonged to diffuse-porous wood,structure was even and smooth,the zone of demarcation of growth increments were visible,the color was greatly different during heartwood and sapwood,and pores were visible by naked eye.Pore arrangement involved solitary one and multiple one,pore cluster was slim,multiple pore were usually ribbon-like aggregations of 2,3 or 4 cells extending in the radial direction,intervessel pit was the type of alternate,perforation plates was that of scalariform,rays amount was from 1 to 5,and longitudinal parenchyma was thin.The physical nature and mechanical properties of Betula schmidtii have been testde,analysed and studyed contrastively with other kinds of wood.The results showed that the basic density of iron birch was 0.747 g·cm-3,air-dry density was 0.904 g·cm-3,and oven dry density was 0.875 g·cm-3.The shrinkage coefficient of radial direction in the state of air-dry was 0.12%,the tangential one was 0.20%,and the volume one was 0.38%.The coefficient of radial shrinkage in the state of oven dry was 0.23%,the tangential one was 0.28%,and the volume one was 0.53%.The bending strength of tangential direction was 233.32 MPa,the modulus of elasticity of bending strength was 17.87GPa,the shear stresses at right parallel to the grain in the radial surfaces was 16.32 MPa,the tangential one was 16.40 MPa.The crushing strength at right parallel to the grain was 89.88 MPa.the strength of toughness was 153.71 kJ·mm-2.The strength of rigidity in the radial section was 8 042.22 N,the tangential was 7 794.17 N,and the cross one was 8 778.85 N.

关 键 词：赛黑桦 辽东桦 构造特征 木材性质 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]