考虑优先权的人群安全疏散动态模型  

Dynamic Evacuation Model Considering Priority

作　　者：吴丹[1,2] 杨赛霓[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2012年第2期56-62,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室团队项目(2009-TD-02);教育部博士点基金新教师类课题项目(20100003120029)

摘　　要：为制定合理、高效的应急状况下建筑物内人群疏散方案,考虑拥堵对人流速度的影响及疏散中不同人员特点,对建筑物内人群疏散动态实时分配问题进行研究。首先,采用元胞传输理论将建筑物内复杂的结构转化为元胞—连接桥路网模型,进而以最短疏散时间为目标函数、元胞流量守恒和流量传播为约束条件建立线性优化模型。通过对模型的求解可以得到不同优先级人员的网络清空时间、各路段实时人员数量及路径选择最优方案。案例分析结果表明,疏散过程中人员的优先级差异以及拥堵的发生均会影响不同人员的网络清空时间,因此,针对建筑物内人群疏散进行建模时,应考虑以上因素。In order to draw up a reasonable and effective building evacuation schedule for emergencies,the dynamic real-time allocation problem of people in building evacuation was studied with consideration of the influence of congestion and the priorities of the crowd.First,the complex interior building structure was transferred into Cell-Connecting Bridge Network model based on the improved CTM.Then,a linear optimization model was built,which took the shortest evacuate travel time as the objective function,and the cell flow conservation and flow propagation as constrains.By solving this model,network clearance times of multi-priority groups,real-time number of people in various building sections and optimal evacuation routes were obtained.Results of a case study show that both priorities of people and occurrence of congestion in evacuation process will affect the network clearance times of multi-priority groups.Therefore,the above factors should be taken into consideration when modeling building evacuation.

关 键 词：疏散 元胞传输模型(CTM) 线性约束 动态人流分配 优先权 优化 

分 类 号：X915.5[环境科学与工程—安全科学]