特提斯构造域与油气勘探  

Tethyan tectonic domain and petroleum exploration

作　　者：叶和飞[1] 罗建宁[2] 李永铁 童箴言 余谦[2] 王小龙[2] 朱同兴[2] 冯心涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气总公司石油勘探开发科学研究院遥感地质研究所,北京100083 [2]成都地质矿产研究所,四川成都610082

出　　处：《沉积与特提斯地质》2000年第1期1-27,共27页Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology

摘　　要：Klemme和Ulmishek(1 991 )将全球已探明的油气可采储量分为四大域 :特提斯域、北方欧亚域、南方冈瓦纳域和太平洋域。其中特提斯域内的油气储量主要分布在中东地区。板块学说进入大陆之后 ,给特提斯的研究带来了新的启示。阿尔卑斯 喜马拉雅造山带是新特提斯海消亡的产物 ,而现今提出的古特提斯和基梅里造山带已突破Suess原提出的时空范围 ,其演化时间已延长到古生代 ,地域上已达亚洲中纬度地区。中国的青藏高原、扬子地块、华北地块及塔里木地块等属于特提斯构造域范围内。特提斯巨型构造域虽然在走向上有明显的分段性 ,但其形成演化存在可比性。笔者认为以扎格罗斯带为代表的新特提斯可与喜马拉雅新特提斯对比。阿拉伯地台至扎格罗斯山前坳陷与中国境内青藏高原地质特征有许多相似之处 :①发育自寒武纪至第三纪连续沉积了厚度 50 0 0～ 1 2 0 0 0m的海相沉积 ,具典型的被动边缘沉积特征。区内广泛发育侏罗纪至老第三纪的海相沉积 ;②区内泥盆纪、晚侏罗世、白垩纪及第三纪发育有礁灰岩 ,二叠纪、三叠纪、侏罗纪、白垩纪及第三纪发育有白云岩、硬石膏、岩盐、滩岩等 ,在晚侏罗世、早中白垩世及老第三纪始新世均发育有油页岩 ;③自早古生代至新生代具多元生烃地层单元组合 ,具多套生、储、盖组合 ,具多?Four petroleum realms of the world have been distinguished by H. D. Klemme and G. F. Ulmishek (1991): Tethyan (dominantly in the Middle East), 17% of the total area and 68% of the original petroleum reserves; Boreal, 28% of the total area and 23% of the original petroleum reserves, South Gondwana, 38% of the total area and 4% of the original petroleum reserves and Pacific, 17% of the total area and 5% of the original petroleum reserves. Recent advances in plate tectonics provide insight into new areas of research within the Tethyan realm. The Tethyan Ocean is an intercontinental plate characteristic of the oceanic lithospheric crust, and may be composed, according to its development, at least of the Palaeo Tethys (from the Devonian or Carboniferous to Permian) and Neo Tethys (from the Triassic to Tertiary). There exists the Cimmerian Cathaysian palaeocontinental group between Laurasia and Gondwana land. The Alpine Himalayan orogenic belts are believed to be developed following the termination of the Neo Tethyan Ocean. However, the temporal and spatial extent of the Palaeo Tethys and Cimmerides presented in the text has gone beyond that defined by Suess, i.e. an extension of the area into the mid latitude regions in Asia and of the time dating back to the Palaeozoic. Furthermore, the Qinghai Xizang Plateau, Yangtze, North China and Tarim landmasses are all assigned to the Tethyan realm. Although the individual parts within the giant Tethyan tectonic domain are evidently different, they may be compared each other. For example, the Neo Tethys represented by Zagros may be compared with the Himalayan Neo Tethys. The striking similarities are outlined as follows. (1) The Cambrian to Tertiary marine sediments 5000-12000 m thick are widely developed, typical of the passive continental margin sediments. The Jurassic to Paleogene marine sediments also occur on a wide range of scales in these areas; (2) The representative sediments recognized in these areas include reefal limestones during the Devonian, Late Ju

关 键 词：特提斯构造域 勘探建议 油气勘探 

分 类 号：P618.130.8[天文地球—矿床学] P618.130.2[天文地球—地质学]