退化红壤恢复过程中灌木层主要种群的生态位  

Niche of dominant populations in the shrub layer of restored communities in degraded red soil

作　　者：蓝良就[1] 黄炎和[1,2] 李德成[3] 林金石[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学生命科学学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第2期176-182,共7页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家十一五科技支撑计划资助项目(2009BADC6B006)

摘　　要：对闽西退化红壤采取种植乔木(P2)、牧草(P3)、灌木(P4)3种治理措施,以及对侵蚀对照地(P1)、次生林对照地(P5)的灌木层种群数量、生态位进行了研究.结果表明,3种治理措施不同程度提高了灌木层的物种丰富度.黄栀子、梅叶冬青、木蜡树、马尾松等Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度(B(sw)i)超过0.5;多数种群生态位宽度较小,其中60.38%的种群仅占据1个资源(B(sw)i=0),多数仅分布于次生林,表明侵蚀地与治理林地资源状态与次生林有较大差距,未能满足演替中后期植物生长的需要.种群Pianka生态位重叠值(NOik)与种对的生态位宽度、占据的资源位及相遇几率、重要值及其分布格局存在复杂的非线性关系.广生态位种对的重叠值普遍较高(NOik>0.5),狭生态位种对重叠值普遍较小(NOik<0.3),其余类型生态位种对重叠值为0-1.The quantity and niche characteristics of populations in the shrub layer of five communities at different successional stages were researched. Three measures were used to promote forest restoration such as tree planting （ P2 ）, grass planting （ P3 ） and shrub planting （ P4 ） in the degraded red soil region of western Fujian Province. The two control plots, unrestored region （ P1 ） and secondary forest （ P5 ） were left undisturbed. The results showed that all the artificially aided restoration patterns showed varying degrees of species diversity improvement over the control （P1） group. The niche breadth values （B（sw）i） measured by Shannon-Wiener index of most populations were narrow, and the B（sw）i values of 60.38% populations were zero, as each of them occupied only one resource and most of them only occupied P5. In the contrast, the niche breadth values of Gardenia jasminoidesi, Ilex asprella, Toxicodenddron sylvestre and Pinus massoniana were wide, with B（sw）i values greater than 0.5. This suggested that the resource status of P1 - P4 was insufficient, as it would not be completely utilized for succession populations. There were complex nonlinear relationships between the population niche overlap value （NOik） measured by Pianka index and the niche breadth, occupied resource niche, probability of meeting together at same niche, important value, value distribution for species pairs, most of species pairs having wide niches possessed high niche overlap value （ NOik〉0. 5 ）. All the species pairs having narrow niches possessed a lower niche overlap value （NOik 〈 0.3 ）, species pairs having other niches possessed varied niche overlap values （from 0 to 1 ）.

关 键 词：退化红壤 生态恢复 生态位 

分 类 号：Q948.2[生物学—植物学]