不同氮素水平对大丽花形态指标及生理特性的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer on the morphological indexes and physiological characteristics of Dahlia pinnata

作　　者：丁雪梅[1,2] 苑兆和[1] 冯立娟[1] 王晓慧[1,2] 甄红丽[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《草业科学》2012年第4期592-598,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：山东省农业良种产业化开发项目(鲁农良种字[2010]6号)

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验,研究了施纯氮0、0.15、0.30和0.45g·kg-1对大丽花(Dahlia pinnata)品种‘深玫红’形态指标及叶片生理特性的影响,以确定大丽花最佳的氮肥用量。结果表明,与不施氮相比,在一定施氮范围内,随施氮量的提高,大丽花茎粗、叶面积、花径、花期及块根质量之增加;叶片中叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量显著增加;超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性也显著提高,丙二醛含量显著降低,增强了质膜稳定性,抑制了膜的渗漏,加强了细胞膜的保护功能;硝酸还原酶活性显著增加,促进了大丽花氮素代谢。当氮过量时,除叶面积和脯氨酸含量外,上述指标均有不同程度的下降。说明适度增加氮用量对大丽花生长发育有促进作用,能够延缓衰老,提高其观赏价值,施氮过量则会起到抑制作用。在本试验条件下,盆栽(每盆基质12kg)大丽花的推荐施氮量为0.30g·kg-1。A pot experiment was carried out to determine the optimal nitrogen application rates（0,0.15,0.30 and 0.45 g·kg-1） via performance of the morphological indexes and physiological characteristics of Dahlia pinnata.This study indicated that the stem diameter,leaf area,flower diameter,flowering stage and tuber weight of dahlia increased as the nitrogen application rate increased.The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the chlorophyll,soluble protein and proline contents,and the activities of nitrate reductase,superoxide dismutase,peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT）,but significantly reduced the malondialdehyde content of D.pinnata plants,indicating that the application of nitrogen fertilizer enhanced the stability of plasma membrane,restrained the penetration of membrane,and strengthened the protective function of cell membrane of D.pinnata plants.Although the nitrate reductase activity of D.pinnata plants significantly increased as the nitrogen application rates increased,the excessive nitrogen application decreased the leaf area and proline content.These results showed that the moderate application of nitrogen fertilizer benefited the growth of D.pinnata plant,delayed its aging and improved ornamental value,while the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer inhibited the growth of D.pinnata plant.This study suggested that the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer for pot D.pinnata was 0.30 g·kg-1.

关 键 词：大丽花 氮用量 形态指标 生理特性 

分 类 号：S682.261[农业科学—观赏园艺]