一种新的成烃机制——力化学作用及其实验证据  

A New Kind of Mechanism for Hydrocarbon Generated ——Mechanochemistral function and experimental prove

作　　者：刘文汇[1] 徐永昌[1] 张守春 廖永胜 张林晔 宋一涛 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州地质研究所气体地球化学国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]胜利石油地质科学研究院,山东东营257015

出　　处：《沉积学报》2000年第2期314-318,共5页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

摘　　要：传统油气地质学认为构造作用主要控制含油气盆地的沉积和油气的运移聚集 ,而烃类形成演化的能量主要是热能。近年来 ,越来越多的地质和地球化学资料显示 ,构造活动对有机质直接成烃的力化学作用在成烃过程中起着重要作用。为了证实构造作用产生的机械能对成烃的力化学作用 ,本文在系统分析高分子力化学作用、阐述力化学作用基本特点的基础上 ,应用新方法对不同类型低演化源岩有机质进行了力化学成烃模拟。结果表明 ,在低温剪切应力作用下 ,腐泥型有机质发生了明显的非烃向烃类的转化 ,模拟后样品总烃比例明显增加 ;而腐殖型有机质不仅发生了可溶有机质中非烃、沥青质向总烃的转化 ,也发生了大分子烃类向小分子烃类的转化 ,这表明机械能是有机质成烃演化的重要能量来源 。It is considered that the structures control the sediment of gas-oil bearing basins and migration and accumulation and the heat is the main energy of forming hydrocarbons on the traditional oil-gas geology. Recently, more and more geological and geo-chemical datum show that structural activity is emphasized on mechanochemistral function for organic matter directly generating hydrocarbon during forming hydrocarbon. Then, We simulated mechanochemistral function generating hydrocarbon to different kinds of low mature organic source matters by a new method on systemically analyzing high-molecular mechanochemistral function and giving basic mechanochemistral characteristics in order to attest mechanical energy structural activity generating to mechanochemistral function on forming hydrocarbon. And the result shows, under low temperature shear stress. The sapropelic matters apparently presented transformation from non-hydrocarbon to hydrocarbon and total hydrocarbon ratio of samples simulated is clearly added. The humic matters took on the transformation not only from non-hydrocarbon and bituman to total hydrocarbon in soluble organic matters but also from large molecule to small molecule. It shows that the energy for organic matters generating hydrocarbon largely derived from mechanical energy and the mechanochemistral function is one of the mechanisms in organic matters early forming hydrocarbon.

关 键 词：成烃演化 力化学作用 油气运移 油气聚集 

分 类 号：P618.130.1[天文地球—矿床学] P618.130.2[天文地球—地质学]