中国嵩草属植物丰富度与气候要素的关系  

Relationships between Kobresia' s species richness and climatic factors in China

作　　者：吴建国[1] 周巧富[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2012年第4期1003-1017,共15页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC19B06);环保公益性行业科研专项(201209031)资助

摘　　要：通过收集文献确定了中国嵩草属植物的分布信息,并分析了嵩草属植物丰富度与气候要素的关系.结果表明:嵩草属植物丰富度在中国的云南、四川和西藏交界处及青海东南部和喜马拉雅山区较高,在<40°N、85°—105°E、海拔2500m以上范围、或热量要素较低、降水量及干燥湿润度(或日照时数)中等范围的分布密度和丰富度范围较大;丰富度与7月平均、最高和最低气温及夏季气温呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),与温暖指数、年生物学温度、极端最高气温、夏季气温以及7月平均、最高和最低气温等值线的对应关系较好.嵩草属植物丰富度与气候要素多元回归模型中,7月最高气温和春季降水量对丰富度影响显著,7月最高气温的影响最大(P<0.05);逐步回归模型中,7月平均、年均最高和极端最高气温的影响较大(P<0.05);主分量回归模型中,极端最高、7月和夏季气温、Thornthwaite干燥度指数和4—10月日照时数、夏秋季和年降水量的影响较大.嵩草属植物丰富度主要受生长季气温、降水量和日照时数以及极端最高气温、年降水量和土壤水分的共同影响.Based on the information from collected literatures,this paper defined the geographical distribution of Kobresia in China,and analyzed the relationships between the Kobresia＇ s species richness and climatic factors.The Kobresia in China had higher species richness on the borders of Yunnan Province,Sichuan Province,and Tibet Autonomous Region and in the southeast Qinghai Province and Himalayas,with a denser and wider distribution in the areas of 40° N,85°-105° E and altitude 2500 m,or the areas of lower or medium thermal factors,medium precipitation,medium aridity and humidity,or medium sunshine duration.The species richness was significantly negatively correlated with the mean,maximum,and minimum air temperature in July and the mean air temperature in summer（P〈0.05）,and well corresponded to the isolines of warmth index,annual biotemperature,extreme maximum air temperature,air temperature in summer,and mean,maximum,and minimum air temperature in July.Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the maximum air temperature in July and the precipitation in spring had significant effects on the species richness（P〈0.05）,with the greatest contribution of the maximum air temperature in July.Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the mean air temperature in July and the mean annual maximum and extreme maximum air temperature had significant effects on the species richness（P〈0.05）,and the principal component regression analysis indicated that the extreme maximum air temperature,air temperature in July and summer,Thornthwaite aridity index,sunshine hours in April-October,precipitation in summer and autumn,and annual precipitation had greater effects on the richness.The air temperature,precipitation,and sunshine hours in growth season as well as the extreme maximum air temperature,annual precipitation,and soil moisture content were the main factors affecting the geographical distribution of Kobresia in China.

关 键 词：嵩草属植物 丰富度 气候要素 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]