社会现代化视阈下俄罗斯城市化特点及历史作用  

Features and historical role of urbanization seen from social modernization

作　　者：于小琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学俄罗斯研究院

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2012年第2期15-21,95,共7页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金："黑龙江大学2010年度高层次人才创新团队支持计划:俄罗斯经济与社会问题研究"(项目编号:hdtd2010-33);2011年黑龙江省教育厅项目"20世纪俄罗斯城市化问题研究"(项目编号:12512225);2012年度教育部项目"社会现代化视阈下苏联时期俄罗斯的城市化研究"(项目编号:12YJC770067)阶段性成果

摘　　要：俄罗斯城市化在遵循世界发展普遍规律的同时有着自身发展的独特性。其主要特点在于其发展的激进性、强大的国家作用体系、农业根源性突出以及缺少中产阶层等。苏联时期俄城市化以产业布局为导向,建立在加速工业化基础之上,因而俄的城市化与工业化特点相吻合,存在加速与人为的特点。在现代化早期发展阶段,苏联时期高度集中的政治经济体制推动了城市化的快速发展,取得了现代化的重大成就。在20世纪末,城市化发展与行政指令体系间的矛盾渐趋突出,计划指令型体系难以担当从工业社会向信息社会过渡的重任,带来世纪末苏联体系的危机与瓦解。While following the general laws governing world development, Russia’s urbanization showed its particularities in its development. The main features are shown in its radical development, the strong state role system, prominent agricultural origin and lack of a middle class. The urbanization of Russia in the Soviet period was guided by industrial layout and based on accelerated industrial development; hence the coincidence of Russian urbanization with the features of industrialization, showing manmade features of acceleration. In the early stage of modernization the highly concentrated political and economic system in the Soviet period pushed the rapid development of urbanization and made major achievements in modernization. Towards the end of the 20th century the contradiction between urbanization and administrative directives sharpened, the mandatory planning system found it difficult to shoulder the heavy mission of transferring from an industrial to an informative society, and eventually brought the Soviet system to the abyss of crisis and collapse towards the end of the 20th century.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 城市化特点 农业根源性 社会现代化 

分 类 号：F299.512[经济管理—国民经济]